Review: Tertiary cell wall of plant fibers as a source of inspiration in material design

Gorshkova, Tatyana A.; Petrova, Anna A.; Mikshina, Polina

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119849

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 146 publications

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“…Several mechanisms have been suggested to cause the length difference leading to tendril curvature and eventually to free or contact coiling, including differential growth, turgor changes [1], [10], [11], [6], and the contraction of G-fibers [12]. G-fibers are fiber cells that, in addition to having the typical primary and secondary cell wall layers, possess a gelatinous-or G-layer that enables them to contract (e.g., [13], [14]). A prominent instance of the occurrence of these fibers is the tension wood in trees (e.g., [15], [14]) and contractile roots [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A prominent instance of the occurrence of these fibers is the tension wood in trees (e.g., [15], [14]) and contractile roots [16]. As mentioned above, this type of fiber is also associated with twining and coiling in many climbing plant species [12], [13], [17], [18], [19]. However, the correct identification of the G-layer in some of the cited works has been brought into question [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As mentioned above, this type of fiber is also associated with twining and coiling in many climbing plant species [12], [13], [17], [18], [19]. However, the correct identification of the G-layer in some of the cited works has been brought into question [13]. In tendrils, the presence of contractile G-fibers suggests a straightforward mechanism for bending and thus coiling, notably by means of a bilayer that combines one contractile layer with a non-or, at least, a less contractile antagonistic layer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Force generation in the coiling tendrils ofPassiflora caerulea

Klimm

Speck

Thielen

2023

Preprint

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Tendrils of climbing plants coil along their length and thus form a striking helical spring and generate tensional forces. We have found that, for tendrils of the passion flowerPassiflora caerulea, the generated force lies in the range of 6-140 mN, which is sufficient to lash the plant tightly to its substrate. Further, we revealed that the generated force strongly correlates with the water status of the plant. By combining force measurements with anatomical investigations and dehydration-rehydration experiments on both entire tendril segments and isolated lignified tissues, we are able to propose a two-phasic principle of spring formation: First, during the free coiling phase, the tendril coiling is based on the active contraction of a fiber ribbon in interaction with the surrounding parenchyma as resistance layer. Second, in a stabilization phase, the entire center of the coiled tendril lignifies, stiffening the spring and securing its function independent of hydration status.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Force generation in the coiling tendrils ofPassiflora caerulea

Klimm

Speck

Thielen

2023

Preprint

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“…This gelatinous cell wall layer is produced de novo in the xylem and is deposited inside the lignified secondary cell wall. It is known to be highly cellulosic [ 10 , 11 ] and is called the G-layer for gelatinous, due to its gel-like appearance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of G-Layers in Bast Fiber and Xylem Cell Walls in Flax Using Raman Spectroscopy

et al. 2023

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In a response to gravitropic stress, G-layers (gelatinous layers) were deposited in xylem cell walls of tilted flax plants. G-layers were produced in both tension wood (upper side) as expected but were also observed in opposite wood (lower side). Raman spectral profiles were acquired for xylem G-layers from the tension and opposite side as well as from the G-layer of bast fibers grown under non-tilted conditions. Statistical analysis by principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) clearly distinguished bast fiber G-layers from xylem G-layers. Discriminating bands were observed for cellulose (380–1150–1376 cm–1), hemicelluloses (517–1094–1126–1452 cm–1) and aromatics (1270–1599–1658 cm–1). PCA did not allow separation of G-layers from tension/opposite-wood sides. In contrast, the two types of xylem G-layers could be incompletely discriminated through PLS-DA. Overall, the results suggested that while the architecture (polymer spatial distribution) of bast fibers G-layers and xylem G-layers are similar, they should be considered as belonging to a different cell wall layer category based upon ontogenetical and chemical composition parameters.

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“…[8,9] Several mechanisms have been suggested to cause the length difference leading to tendril curvature and eventually to free or contact coiling, including differential growth, turgor changes, [1,10,11,6] and the contraction of G-fibers. [12] G-fibers are fiber cells that, in addition to having the typical primary and secondary cell wall layers, possess a gelatinous-or G-layer that enables them to contract (e.g., [13,14] ). A prominent instance of the occurrence of these fibers is the tension wood in trees (e.g., [15,14] ) and contractile roots.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Force Generation in the Coiling Tendrils of Passiflora caerulea

2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tendrils of climbing plants coil along their length, thus forming a striking helical spring and generating tensional forces. It is found that, for tendrils of the passion flower Passiflora caerulea, the generated force lies in the range of 6–140 mN, which is sufficient to lash the plant tightly to its substrate. Further, it is revealed that the generated force strongly correlates with the water status of the plant. Based on a combination of in situ force measurements with anatomical investigations and dehydration‐rehydration experiments on both entire tendril segments and isolated lignified tissues, a two‐phasic mechanism for spring formation is proposed. First, during the free coiling phase, the center of the tendril begins to lignify unilaterally. At this stage, both the generated tension and the stability of the form of the spring still depend on turgor pressure. The unilateral contraction of a bilayer as being the possible driving force for the tendril coiling motion is discussed. Second, in a stabilization phase, the entire center of the coiled tendril lignifies, stiffening the spring and securing its function irrespective of its hydration status.

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Review: Tertiary cell wall of plant fibers as a source of inspiration in material design

Cited by 12 publications

References 146 publications

Force generation in the coiling tendrils ofPassiflora caerulea

Force generation in the coiling tendrils ofPassiflora caerulea

Comparative Analysis of G-Layers in Bast Fiber and Xylem Cell Walls in Flax Using Raman Spectroscopy

Force Generation in the Coiling Tendrils of Passiflora caerulea

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