Review: The Obesity-Diabetes Association: What Is Different in Indians?

Yajnik, C.S.; Ganpule-Rao, Anjali

doi:10.1177/1534734610380028

Cited by 21 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Converging lines of evidence suggest that these substantial population differences in slenderness can lead to underestimation of disease risk in specific regions. For example, a growing body of literature focusing on the 'thin-fat' phenotype in south Asian populations, and to a lesser extent East Asian populations, suggests that risk for diabetes, metabolic disorders, cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality begin at much lower BMIs than for European populations (17)(18)(19)(56)(57)(58)(59)(60)(61)(62)(63)(64)(65)(66)(67)(68).…”

Section: Are Population Differences Big Enough To Matter For Public Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

How much do universal anthropometric standards bias the global monitoring of obesity and undernutrition?

Hruschka

Hadley

2016

Obesity Reviews

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SummaryEach year, hundreds of articles in population health and nutrition, many in highprofile journals, use standard cutoffs based on weight and height as assessments of obesity and undernutrition. These global efforts to monitor overweight and underweight often rest on the assumption that ethnic differences in underlying body form are sufficiently small to permit universal anthropometric cutoffs for comparing excess and insufficient body fat across populations. However, a century of work in human biological variation suggests that human populations can vary dramatically in underlying body form in a way that may require population-sensitive cutoffs for monitoring. Here, we describe recently developed methods that can provide population-sensitive assessments of both excess and insufficient energy reserves in a wide range of countries. We use this approach to illustrate how worldwide variation in human body form is far more widespread than previously thought, and that it can occur at several geographic scales, including the level of world regions, countries and populations within countries. The findings also suggest that using standard cutoffs that ignore this variation can underestimate current obesity levels in adults by more than 400-500 million while also incorrectly prioritizing high-risk areas for undernutrition in children in key regions around the world.

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Section: Are Population Differences Big Enough To Matter For Public Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

How much do universal anthropometric standards bias the global monitoring of obesity and undernutrition?

Hruschka

Hadley

2016

Obesity Reviews

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“…Low birthweight is common among South Asian groups in the UK (Oldroyd 2005), which may help to explain why South Asians are susceptible to type 2 diabetes at a younger age and at a relatively lower BMI compared with Caucasians (Krishnaveni et al . 2009; Misra & Khurana 2009; Yajnik & Ganpule‐Rao 2010). Low birthweight has also been associated with increased risk of hypertension among African schoolchildren ( n = 2648) (Longo‐Mbenza et al .…”

Section: Overview Of the Health Profile And Dietary Habits Of Minormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is particularly so in countries going through a rapid economic and nutritional transition or when people from less developed countries migrate to developed ones where the greatest mismatch is observed between early nutritional deprivation and nutritional abundance in later life (Prentice & Moore 2005). Low birthweight is common among South Asian groups in the UK (Oldroyd 2005), which may help to explain why South Asians are susceptible to type 2 diabetes at a younger age and at a relatively lower BMI compared with Caucasians (Krishnaveni et al 2009;Misra & Khurana 2009;Yajnik & Ganpule-Rao 2010). Low birthweight has also been associated with increased risk of hypertension among African schoolchildren (n = 2648) (Longo-Mbenza et al 1999).…”

Section: Developmental Programmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diets of minority ethnic groups in the UK: influence on chronic disease risk and implications for prevention

Leung

Stanner

2011

Nutrition Bulletin

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Summary Introduction Definitions of ethnic groups and demographics of minority ethnic groups in the UK Overview of the health profile and dietary habits of minority ethnic groups in the UK Factors affecting food choice Traditional diets of minority ethnic groups Nutritional interventions and health promotion among minority ethnic groups Conclusion Acknowledgements References Summary According to the latest census, non‐white minority ethnic groups made up 7.9% of the UK's population in 2001. The largest of these groups were South Asians, Black African‐Caribbeans and Chinese. Studies have shown that some minority ethnic groups are more likely to experience poorer health outcomes compared with the mainstream population. These include higher rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes and obesity. The differences in health outcomes may reflect interactions between diet and other health behaviours, genetic predisposition and developmental programming, all of which vary across different groups. As is the case for the rest of the population, the dietary habits of minority ethnic groups are affected by a wide variety of factors, but acquiring a better understanding of these can help health professionals and educationalists to recognise the needs of these groups and help them to make healthier food choices. Unfortunately, to date, there have been few tailored, well‐designed and evaluated nutritional interventions in the UK targeting minority ethnic population groups. Further needs assessment and better evaluation of nutritional interventions have been recommended to enhance the understanding of the effectiveness of different approaches amongst minority ethnic groups. This briefing paper will provide an overview of the health profile, dietary habits and other health behaviours of the three largest non‐white minority ethnic groups in the UK, explore the factors affecting their food choices, provide a summary of their traditional diets and review the evidence base to identify the factors that support successful nutrition interventions in these groups.

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“…Indian population is more prone to diabetes than western population as their metabolism is quite different with lots of epigenetic modifications. Constant migration of people from rural to urban areas has contributed significantly in availability of food, calorie intake, and physical activities, which has major impact on the metabolic programming of an individual [2]. To understand the physiological and metabolic alterations of this disorder, many animal models are used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swertiamarin: An Active Lead fromEnicostemma littoraleRegulates Hepatic and Adipose Tissue Gene Expression by Targeting PPAR-γand Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Experimental NIDDM Rat Model

Patel

Soni

Parikh

et al. 2013

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Enicostemma littorale (EL) Blume is one of the herbs widely used for treating and alleviating the effects of both type I and type II diabetes. However, lack of understanding of mechanism precludes the use of the herb and its molecules. In this study, we attempt to unravel the molecular mechanism of action of swertiamarin, a compound isolated form EL, by comparing its molecular effects with those of aqueous EL extract in alleviating the insulin resistance in type II diabetes. We further investigated hypolipidemic and insulin sensitizing effect of swertiamarin in experimentally induced noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) in rats. Swertiamarin (50 mg/kg) and aqueous extract (15 grams dried plant equivalent extract/kg) were administered to rats orally for 40 days and tight regulation of serum glucose, insulin, and lipid profile was found in both groups. Their mode of action was by restoring G6Pase and HMG-CoA reductase activities to normal levels and restoring normal transcriptional levels of PEPCK, GK, Glut 2, PPAR-γ, leptin, adiponectin, LPL, SREBP-1c, and Glut 4 genes. This suggests that both treatments increased insulin sensitivity and regulated carbohydrate and fat metabolism. This is the first report on the role of SM in regulating the PPARγ-mediated regulation of candidate genes involved in metabolism in peripheral tissues in vivo.

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Review: The Obesity-Diabetes Association: What Is Different in Indians?

Cited by 21 publications

References 21 publications

How much do universal anthropometric standards bias the global monitoring of obesity and undernutrition?

How much do universal anthropometric standards bias the global monitoring of obesity and undernutrition?

Diets of minority ethnic groups in the UK: influence on chronic disease risk and implications for prevention

Swertiamarin: An Active Lead fromEnicostemma littoraleRegulates Hepatic and Adipose Tissue Gene Expression by Targeting PPAR-γand Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Experimental NIDDM Rat Model

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