Review: Unlocking the limitations of urea supply in ruminant diets by considering the natural mechanism of endogenous urea secretion

Nichols, K.; Carvalho, Isabela Pena Carvalho de; Rauch, Rainer; Martín-Tereso, J.

doi:10.1016/j.animal.2022.100537

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 80 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Considering the greater forage dry matter intake and neutral detergent fiber intake for Holstein × Gyr heifers ( Quirino et al, 2022 ), we had a greater concentration of serum urea, which may improve urea recycling. The fermentable carbohydrates are responsible for stimulating the transport of urea to the rumen ( Nichols et al, 2022 ). However, the greater serum urea was not combined with glucose availability in the rumen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of ruminal microbiota, IL-1β gene variation, and tick incidence between Holstein × Gyr and Holstein heifers in grazing system

Quirino,

Marcondes,

Oliveira

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IntroductionThe variation in bacterial communities among breeds has been previously reported and may be one of the reasons why Holstein × Gyr dairy heifers have better development in grazing systems in tropical conditions. This study aimed to explore the ruminal microbiota composition, the IL-1β gene variation, tick incidence, and blood parameters of Holstein × Gyr (½ Holstein × ½ Gyr) and Holstein heifers grazing intensely managed Guinea grass (Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Mombaça).MethodsSixteen heifers were divided into two groups consisting of 8 Holstein × Gyr and 8 Holstein heifers. The experimental period was comprised of 3 periods of 21 days. Ruminal samples were taken via the stomach tube technique. The sequencing of the V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene was performed using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Counting and collection of ticks were conducted each 21 days. Blood and skeletal muscle tissue biopsies were performed at the end of the experiment.ResultsFirmicutes were the most abundant phyla present in both breed rumen samples and Bacteroidota showed differences in relative abundance between breed groups, with greater values for Holstein heifers (p < 0.05 with FDR correction). The 10 most abundant unique OTUs identified in each breed included several OTUs of the genus Prevotella. Holstein heifers had a greater tick count and weight (9.8 ticks/animal and 1.6 g/animal, respectively) than Holstein × Gyr (2.56 ticks/animal and 0.4 g/animal, respectively). We found nucleotide substitutions in the IL-1β gene that might be related to adaptation and resistance phenotypes to tick infestation in Holstein × Gyr heifers. Blood concentrations of urea, albumin, insulin-like growth factor 1, triiodothyronine, and thyroxine were greater in Holstein × Gyr than in Holstein heifers.ConclusionAdaptations in Holstein × Gyr heifers such as ruminal microbiota, tick resistance, nucleotide substitutions in IL-1β gene, and hormone concentration suggest a better energy metabolism and thermoregulation resulting in better performance in tropical grazing systems.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of ruminal microbiota, IL-1β gene variation, and tick incidence between Holstein × Gyr and Holstein heifers in grazing system

Quirino,

Marcondes,

Oliveira

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…La mayoría de las especies de mamíferos excretan la urea como un producto de desecho del metabolismo del N resultante de la detoxificación del amoníaco; sin embargo, los rumiantes tienen la capacidad de reciclar la urea en el tracto gastrointestinal (TGI). La urea ingresa al tracto digestivo a través de las secreciones de la saliva y el epitelio del TGI, siendo el rumen es el punto de entrada más importante donde la urea se puede reciclar como sustrato para la microflora del rumen (Nichols et al, 2022). Las investigaciones han demostrado que la urea funciona muy bien cuando se agrega a dietas pobres en proteína, pero con suficiente almidón.…”

Section: Utilización De La Ureaunclassified

“…La intoxicación ocurre, por lo general, cuando el animal ha consumido altos niveles de urea y/o cuando el consumo de urea es muy rápido. La urea de la dieta se degrada rápidamente a amoníaco en el rumen, y las altas tasas de absorción de amoníaco a través de la pared del rumen cuando consume una comida rica en urea pueden provocar efectos hipofágicos y tóxicos asociados con la alimentación con urea (Nichols et al, 2022). La urea como tal no es tóxica, lo tóxico es el amoníaco resultante de la fermentación de la urea, que se absorbe en la sangre.…”

Section: Intoxicación Por Ureaunclassified

Nutrición animal: Texto de formación universitaria

Huanca¹

2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

El texto que se pone a consideración del lector, en su edición digital, revisada y corregida, ha sido preparado con fines académicos, para la formación de médicos veterinarios y/o zootecnistas, en el contexto del Altiplano de Puno-Perú; sin embargo, puede servir como referencia para todo lector interesado en la nutrición animal. Incluye seis unidades temáticas: fisiología digestiva de los animales, como uno de los procesos nutricionales clave, seguida de energía (carbohidratos), lípidos, proteínas, minerales y vitaminas, y una unidad temática adicional sobre la evaluación de la composición química y calorimetría de los alimentos.

show abstract

“…Urea is the most common source of NPN and has been included in ruminant diets as a source of N or to increase rumen degradable protein ( Leng and Nolan, 1984 ). Urea is rapidly hydrolyzed to carbon dioxide and ammonia through rumen microbial ureases ( Nichols et al, 2022 ). Other NPN sources, such as nitrates and biuret, have also been evaluated in ruminant diets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the hydrolysis and reduction of different NPN sources should result in different ruminal fermentation profiles. For example, ammonia concentration peaks rapidly after the consumption of urea ( Nichols et al, 2022 ). Nitrates show a delayed peak in ammonia concentration relative to urea because they require the reduction of nitrates to nitrites and then to ammonia ( Leng, 2008 ; El-Zaiat et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-protein nitrogen supplementation on in vitro fermentation profile, methane production, and microbial nitrogen synthesis in a corn silage-based substrate

Vargas,

Tarnonsky,

Podversich

et al. 2024

Translational Animal Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Non-protein nitrogen (NPN) supplements improve animal performance in backgrounding diets. However, there is scarce information regarding the effect of different NPN sources and combinations on ruminal fermentation profile. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of different NPN sources and their combinations on in vitro fermentation, microbial N synthesis, and methane (CH4) production in a backgrounding diet. Incubations were conducted on three separate days for 24 h using corn silage and cotton gin byproduct (70 and 30% of DM, respectively) as substrate. Treatments were control (without NPN), urea, and five different proportions of urea-biuret and nitrate (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, 0:100). Each treatment, except control, was formulated to be isonitrogenous and equivalent to 1% urea inclusion. Ruminal fluid was collected from two ruminally cannulated Angus crossbred steers fed ad libitum corn silage and cotton gin byproduct plus 100 g of a urea-biuret-nitrate mixture. The concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) were determined at 12 and 24 h of incubation. Final pH, in vitro dry and organic matter digestibility, total gas production, and concentration of CH4 were determined at 24 h. The supplementation of NPN increased (P < 0.05) the concentration of NH3-N at 12 and 24 h. Although NPN supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the concentration of total VFA and acetate at 12 h, treatments did not differ (P > 0.05) at 24 h. Supplementation of NPN increased (P < 0.05) the proportion of acetate at 12 and 24 h but tended to reduce (P = 0.054) the proportion of propionate only at 12 h. Digestibility and pH were no different (P > 0.05) among treatments. Increasing nitrates in the NPN supplement increased (P < 0.05) the proportion of acetate and reduced (P < 0.05) the proportion of butyrate at 12 and 24 h. The supplementation of NPN increased (P < 0.05) microbial N synthesis. Furthermore, increasing nitrate proportion in the NPN supplement increased (P < 0.05) the microbial N synthesis and efficiency of N use. Supplementation of NPN did not modify (P > 0.05) total gas or CH4 production. However, increasing nitrate proportion in the NPN supplement linearly reduced (P < 0.05) CH4 production. Supplementation of NPN increased NH3-N concentration and microbial N while increasing the inclusion of nitrate decreased the concentration of CH4 and increased the microbial N synthesis in a corn silage-based substrate under in vitro conditions.

show abstract

Review: Unlocking the limitations of urea supply in ruminant diets by considering the natural mechanism of endogenous urea secretion

Cited by 16 publications

References 80 publications

Comparison of ruminal microbiota, IL-1β gene variation, and tick incidence between Holstein × Gyr and Holstein heifers in grazing system

Comparison of ruminal microbiota, IL-1β gene variation, and tick incidence between Holstein × Gyr and Holstein heifers in grazing system

Nutrición animal: Texto de formación universitaria

Non-protein nitrogen supplementation on in vitro fermentation profile, methane production, and microbial nitrogen synthesis in a corn silage-based substrate

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About