Intelligent transportation systems (ITSs) make it possible for applications such as autonomous driving, active safety systems and smart cities. As the infrastructure of ITSs, vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) plays a key role in ensuring traffic safety while improving driving experience and comfort. However, VANET faces many security and privacy challenges as the network is exposed to the public and involves sensitive information such as vehicle control commands and driving records. Although blockchain technology provides such features as decentralization, immutability, non-reliance on trust and traceability, most of the existing blockchain systems have high storage capacity and computing requirements for participating nodes while terminals nodes in VANET, such as road-side units (RSU), on-board units (OBU) and sensors, usually possess limited storage and computing capacity. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a lightweight blockchain system with scalable storage capacity for VANETs. It uses network sharding and multi-consensus strategy to improve the topology and consensus process of the blockchain. Aimed at reducing the storage overhead of RSU nodes that participate in the blockchain, a collaborative storage mechanism and a dynamic copy number strategy for the blockchain ledger is designed. Experimental analysis shows that compared to existing schemes, the proposed blockchain mechanisms can significantly reduce storage requirement for the participating nodes, making it possible for terminal nodes with limited storage in VANET to participate in the blockchain as fully functional nodes, avoiding the trend of blockchain network towards centralization, maximizing the sharing of road traffic information,which would ensure the security, privacy and trustworthiness of information in ITSs.