“…This contributes to different internationalization motives, that is, market-seeking or asset-seeking (Dunning, 1998(Dunning, , 2000, to the emergence of different types of firms, domestic or MNEs, and to different needs regarding the home and host regions. In this context it is widely accepted that AMNEs usually seek market access in EEs, and do not predominantly try to place R&D activities there, while EE MNEs' outward investments in industrialized countries or advanced markets may be targeted toward accessing technological knowledge (Ayden et al, 2018;Haasis & Liefner, 2019). In particular, those companies from EEs that actively pursue a strategy of technological upgrading may seek not only to exploit the limited technological capacities of their home base, but also to benefit from the technological capabilities that reside in other regions or with other firms (Mathews, 2006b).…”