Revisão narrativa sobre a questão da saúde do trabalhador no Sistema Único de Saúde

et al. 2023

JMIR Ment Health

Background Work can be considered a source of living, well-being, and socioeconomic development. When the work environment negatively influences individuals, it may trigger emotional disturbances, behavioral problems, chronic stress conditions, and illnesses such as burnout syndrome (BS). Recently, studies on BS have increased and placed a special focus on health care professionals. The prevalence of BS among health professionals is associated with their chronic exposure to human hardship and long working hours without proper rest. These factors have contributed to greater stress and high physical and emotional exhaustion levels. Objective This study aims to identify and map studies using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) scale to identify burnout syndrome in health professionals working in public health services. Methods This scoping review was developed based on the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Reviewers Manual and reported according to the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews). A total of 6 databases were searched to identify relevant studies: Embase, LILACS, MEDLINE or PubMed, PsycInfo, Scopus, and Web of Science. Gray literature was consulted on ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, Google Scholar, Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, and Open Access Theses and Dissertations. Additionally, the reference lists were searched to retrieve studies not previously selected. The steps followed in this study were proposed by Arskey and O’Malley and Levac, Colquhoun, and O’Brien: identification of research questions, identification of potential studies, study selection, data extraction and imputation, data analyses and interpretation, and consultation with stakeholders. The detailed methodology was published in a protocol. Results A total of 55 articles were identified after screening for eligibility criteria, published between 1999 and 2021 in 32 countries. Most reports were published in Brazil, Spain, and China. A total of 22 versions of the MBI were identified, presenting different items, scores, and cutoff points. The included studies had recommendations and implications for clinical practice. The consultation with stakeholders allowed knowledge translation for those interested in BS. Conclusions Studies mostly included physicians (34/55, 61.8%) and nurses (24/55, 43.6%), and the original version of MBI was predominantly used. Divergences in BS classification were highlighted, which may be related to MBI cross-cultural adaptations and applications in other countries. This study contributes to the advancement of research regarding burnout syndrome as an occupational illness since it has harmful consequences for workers, health care services, and the quality of care provided to the population.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of the Maslach Burnout Inventory Among Public Health Care Professionals: Scoping Review

Soares¹,

Lopes²,

et al. 2023

JMIR Ment Health

“…Two independent reviewers will chart data by using an adapted data extraction form based on the JBI model [ 35 ] ( Table 3 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The choice of the setting in our study was due to evidence in the literature that professionals working in public health services are more exposed to stress, thereby causing burnout [34]. In these services, there is usually wage-related dissatisfaction on the part of professionals, the need for better planning of actions and work processes [35,36], the difficulty in operationalizing actions, underfunding, and poor infrastructure [35][36][37]. The evidence of the aforementioned factors in public health services should be considered and will help us in terms of understanding that the development of burnout syndrome in health care professionals may be related to the organization and development of the work process in these services, which reflects the importance of conducting this study in the current context.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of the Maslach Burnout Inventory Among Public Health Care Professionals: Protocol for a Scoping Review

Soares¹,

Lopes²,

et al. 2022

JMIR Res Protoc

Background Burnout syndrome is a chronic response to stressors in the workplace. It is characterized by emotional exhaustion and physical and mental burnout and may lead to high employee turnover, work absenteeism, and increased occupational accidents. Most studies use the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) to identify burnout and implement preventive actions and treatments. Objective This study presents a scoping review protocol to identify and map studies that used MBI to assess burnout syndrome in health care professionals working in public health services. Methods This scoping review protocol follows the Joanna Briggs Institute reviewers’ manual, and this protocol consists of 6 stages: identifying the research question, identifying relevant studies, study selection, data extraction and coding, analysis and interpretation of results, and consultation with stakeholders. We will conduct searches in Embase, LILACS, PubMed/MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science databases, and gray literature. The main research question is as follows: how is MBI used to identify burnout syndrome in health care professionals working in public health services? Inclusion criteria will comprise qualitative and quantitative studies using MBI to identify burnout syndrome in health care professionals working in public health services and no restrictions in language and publication dates. Data will be extracted using a spreadsheet adapted from the Joanna Briggs Institute model. Quantitative and qualitative data will be analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis, respectively. The consultation with stakeholders will be essential for increasing the knowledge about MBI, identifying new evidence, and developing future strategies to guide public policies preventing burnout syndrome in health care professionals working in public services. Results This protocol will guide a scoping review to identify and map studies that used MBI to identify burnout syndrome in health care professionals working in public health services. The results of this review may be useful to public health care professionals, managers, policymakers, and the general population because these findings will help understand the validated, translated, and adapted versions of MBI and domains, number of items, Likert scales, and cutoff points or the latent profile analysis most used in the literature. Furthermore, possible research gaps may be identified to guide future studies. All information regarding the stages of the scoping review favor its transparency and allow it to be methodologically replicated according to the principles of open science, thereby reducing the risk of bias and data duplication. Conclusions This study may reveal the multiplicity of scales described in the literature and the different forms of assessing burnout syndrome in health care professionals. This study may help to standardize the assessment of burnout syndrome in health care professionals working in public health services and contribute to the discussion and knowledge dissemination about burnout syndrome and mental health in this population. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/42338

“…Most professionals within the SUS face conditions including precarious and fragile employment contracts, low wages, a high workload due to a lack of complete teams, poor working conditions and infrastructure, and a lack of supplies and equipment. The sum of these conditions compromises the health status and may result in physical and mental illness [77][78][79]. Work-related mental disorders, including BS, may be associated with work organization in the health field.…”

Section: Main Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of the Maslach Burnout Inventory Among Public Health Care Professionals: Scoping Review (Preprint)

Soares¹,

Lopes²,

et al. 2022

Preprint

BACKGROUND Work can be considered a source of living, well-being, and socioeconomic development. When the work environment negatively influences individuals, it may trigger emotional disturbances, behavioral problems, chronic stress conditions, and illnesses, such as burnout syndrome (BS). Recently, studies on BS increased and placed special focus on healthcare professionals. The prevalence of BS among health professionals is associated with their chronic exposure to human suffering and long working hours without proper rest. These factors have contributed to greater stress and high physical and emotional exhaustion levels. OBJECTIVE To identify and map studies using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) scale to identify burnout syndrome in health professionals working in public health services. METHODS This scoping review was developed based on the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Reviewers Manual and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). The steps followed in this study were proposed by Arskey and O'Malley and Levac, Colquhoun, O'Brien: Identification of research question, Identification of potential studies, Study selection, Data extraction and imputation, Data analyses and interpretation, Consulation whith stakeholders. The detailed methodology was published in a protocol. RESULTS Fifty-five articles were identified after screening and eligibility criteria, published between 1999 and 2021 from 32 countries. Most reports were published in Brazil, Spain, and China. Twenty-two versions of the MBI were identified, presenting different items, scores, and cut-off points. The included studies had recommendations and implications for clinical practice. The consultation with stakeholders allowed knowledge translation to those interested in BS. CONCLUSIONS Studies mostly included physicians, and the original version of MBI was predominantly used. Divergences in BS classification were highlighted, which may be related to MBI cross-cultural adaptations and applications in other countries. This study contributes to advance research regarding burnout syndrome as an occupational illness since it has harmful consequences for workers, healthcare services, and the quality of care provided to the population.