Revisão sistemática dos estudos epidemiológicos sobre discriminação interpessoal e saúde mental

Goto, Janaina Brugnera; Couto, Paulo; Bastos, João Luiz

doi:10.1590/s0102-311x2013000300004

Cited by 40 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Differently from most studies on the theme, from North America, as observed in the review by Goto et al 9 , the present study was conducted in Brazil and it not only confirms the results found by those performed in the US, but also strengthens the generalizability of findings across countries and sociocultural contexts.…”

supporting

confidence: 84%

“…Although the scientific literature on discrimination and health is growing, the studies concentrate specially in the United States, even when the health condition investigated is mental health 9 . Another aspect observed in Brazilian studies on the subject is the emphasis on racial discrimination and the tendency to analyze the different kinds of discrimination separately, disregarding the intersectionality and possible combined effects of its frequency and intensity on health.…”

Section: Palavrasmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Discrimination and common mental disorders of undergraduate students of the Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina

Souza

Lemkuhl

Bastos

2015

Rev. bras. epidemiol.

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Introduction:The pathogenic and consistent effect of discrimination on mental health has been largely documented in the literature. However, there are few studies measuring multiple types of discrimination, evaluating the existence of a dose-response relationship or investigating possible effect modifiers of such an association. Objective: To investigate the association between experiences of discrimination attributed to multiple reasons and common mental disorders, including the adjustment for potential confounders, assessment of dose-response relations, and examination of effect modifiers in undergraduate students from southern Brazil. Methods: In the first semester of 2012, 1,023 students from the Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina answered a self-administered questionnaire on socio-demographic characteristics, undergraduate course, experiences of discrimination and common mental disorders. Associations were analyzed through logistic regression models, estimation of Odds Ratios and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results: The study results showed that students reporting discrimination at high frequency and intensity were 4.4 (95%CI 1.6 -12.4) times more likely to present common mental disorders. However, the relationship between discrimination and common mental disorders was protective among Electrical Engineering students, when compared to Accounting Sciences students who did not report discrimination. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the dose-response relationship between experiences of discrimination and common mental disorders reinforces the hypothetical causal nature of this association. Nevertheless, the modification of effect caused by the undergraduate course should be considered in future studies for a better understanding and measurement of both phenomena.

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supporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Palavrasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discrimination and common mental disorders of undergraduate students of the Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina

Souza

Lemkuhl

Bastos

2015

Rev. bras. epidemiol.

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“…A wide body of evidence has documented the negative health outcomes associated with experiences of racial discrimination (EOD) [12–16]. However, to our knowledge, no previous study has so far estimated these health-related costs in monetary terms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the mental health costs of racial discrimination

Elias

Paradies

2016

BMC Public Health

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BackgroundRacial discrimination is a pervasive social problem in several advanced countries such as the U.S., U.K., and Australia. Public health research also indicates a range of associations between exposure to racial discrimination and negative health, particularly, mental health including depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, the direct negative health impact of racial discrimination has not been costed so far although economists have previously estimated indirect non-health related productivity costs. In this study, we estimate the burden of disease due to exposure to racial discrimination and measure the cost of this exposure.MethodsUsing prevalence surveys and data on the association of racial discrimination with health outcomes from a global meta-analysis, we apply a cost of illness method to measure the impact of racial discrimination. This estimate indicates the direct health cost attributable to racial discrimination and we convert the estimates to monetary values based on conventional parameters.ResultsRacial discrimination costs the Australian economy 235,452 in disability adjusted life years lost, equivalent to $37.9 billion per annum, roughly 3.02% of annual gross domestic product (GDP) over 2001–11, indicating a sizeable loss for the economy.ConclusionSubstantial cost is incurred due to increased prevalence of racial discrimination as a result of its association with negative health outcomes (e.g. depression, anxiety and PTSD). This implies that potentially significant cost savings can be made through measures that target racial discrimination. Our research contributes to the debate on the social impact of racial discrimination, with implications for policies and efforts addressing it.

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“…The idea that racial disparities in health are caused by biology and genetics has been discredited, and other theories have taken its place to explain the association between race and health outcomes. A stress theory has been posited, and supported by several studies that found that stress accounts for much of the difference in depressive symp- , and that race-related discrimination adversely affects health 9,33 . A more recent meta-analysis found that perceived discrimination is directly related to poorer mental health status, and experimental studies showed experiences of discrimination may produce a negative psychological stress response and a heightened physiological stress response 34 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%