Revised, fast, flexible algorithms for determination of electron number densities in plasma discharges

Influence of chemical vapor generation conditions on spectroscopic and analytical characteristics of a hyphenated CVG-ICP system

“…The electron density was determined here from Stark broadening of the H b 486.1 nm line, using the method developed by Griem. 24 Since that pioneering study, the Stark effect has been commonly employed to determine n e in plasma using more advanced formulas [25][26][27] usually from the hydrogen line. The H b line width measured was corrected taking into account instrumental broadening of the Ar lines.…”

Plasma diagnostic on a low-flow plasma for inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry

“…The study of these parameters is feasible by applying spatially and temporally resolved techniques including: 1) Boltzmann plot method for the determination of T rot and T exc ; 2) Rayleigh scattering for the determination of T kin ; 3) ratio of atomic and ionic emission for the determination of T ion ; 4) Stark broadening of the H β line, Langmuir probes, and Thomson scattering from free electrons for the determination of n e ; and 5) line-to-continuum method, Langmuir probes, and Thomson scattering for the determination of T e . These plasma diagnostic techniques have been comprehensively reviewed and described in a series of papers [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

Radial ICP characteristics for ICP-AES using direct injection or microconcentric nebulisation

“…The calculation of n e was accomplished by least squares fitting of the entire measured emission line profile of the Starkbroadened hydrogen beta line H b (486.13 nm) to the corresponding theoretical profile for an electron temperature of 10 000 K. The program and the procedure used for computing n e are well established and described elsewhere. [16][17][18] The procedure includes correction for contributions from Doppler and instrumental broadening. The H b profile was too broad for the spectral window (segment) of the Optima 2000 and therefore three spectral windows were utilised (485.663-485.921 nm, 485.924-486.335 nm and 486.352-486.761 nm).…”

“…Electron number densities, n e , in ICPs can be determined based on the Stark-broadening effect, [16][17][18]32 employing the hydrogen beta line H b (486.13 nm). n e determinations performed in this way are not dependent on LTE conditions.…”