Revised Household-Based Microplanning in Polio Supplemental Immunization Activities in Kano State, Nigeria. 2013–2014

Abstract

Background. Remarkable progress had been made since the launch of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative in 1988. However endemic wild poliovirus transmission in Nigeria, Pakistan, and Afghanistan remains an issue of international concern. Poor microplanning has been identified as a major contributor to the high numbers of chronically missed children.Methods. We assessed the contribution of the revised household-based microplanning process implemented in Kano State from September 2013 to April 2014 to the outcomes of subsequent polio supplemental immunization activities using used preselected planning and outcome indicators.Results. There was a 38% increase in the number of settlements enumerated, a 30% reduction in the number of target households, and a 54% reduction in target children. The reported number of children vaccinated and the doses of oral polio vaccine used during subsequent polio supplemental immunization activities showed a decline. Postvaccination lot quality assurance sampling and chronically missed settlement reports also showed a progressive reduction in the number of children and settlements missed.Conclusions. We observed improvement in Kano State's performance based on the selected postcampaign performance evaluation indicators and reliability of baseline demographic estimates after the revised household-based microplanning exercise.

Quality Micro-Planning Processes - Key Strategy for Achieving High Quality LLINs Campaign: Pilot Report from Cross-River State Nigeria

“…Therefore, micro planning is process where major stakeholders who are key players in net campaigns come together to provide suggestions on how best to implement LLINs campaign. Micro planning provided opportunity for bringing together these various actors, each with different capabilities to collaborate synergically for effective implementing of mass LLIN campaign as noted in malaria consortium study in Nampula and Niassa provinces in Mozambique [24]; a similar improvement in outcome of routine immunization services through better microplanning was reported in Nigeria and Nepal [26,29]. This agrees with the findings of this study since many stakeholders who were brought together performed different roles and responsibilities at different micro-planning stages in meetings where the implementation plans were developed.…”

“…LGAs [22][23][24][25]. Poor microplanning has been identified as a major contributor to missing out some beneficiaries of targeted health campaigns; it has also been shown to be a useful tool in addressing gaps in delivery of health programs and contributes to high levels of programme uptake and service utilization [26][27][28].…”

A microplanning strategy to improve door-to-door health service delivery: The case of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention in Sub-Saharan African villages

“…Most deprived populations live in rural and remote settings [34]. Microplanning using satellite imagery and other geographic information systems [13,15] are emerging strategies in door-to-door delivery and likely has recently contributed to wild polio eradication from Africa [35]. In the time of COVID-19, and to maximize the distribution of Insecticide Treated Net in COVID-19 affected countries, stakeholders for malaria prevention recently called out the need of microplanning strategies using topographic and route mapping [36] suggesting that our work may be helful.…”

“…However, for SMC to reach the desired cases 4 reduction, we must see high coverages above 90-95% over successive seasons [6,12]. Multiple logistic constraints and shortcomings in SMC deployment including CHW ratio per capita [11], excess time loss during treatment [5], and importantly missed households or settlements as reported during Polio vaccination [13][14][15] likely contribute to lower SMC coverage.…”

Lessons From the Polio Endgame: Overcoming the Failure to Vaccinate and the Role of Subpopulations in Maintaining Transmission

“…As we approach WPV eradication and manage OPV cessation, the vaccination of subpopulations emerges as critical for success. Undervaccinated subpopulations can sustain transmission and pose challenges because of a confluence of factors [11,12] related to political circumstances (including poor program performance, low vaccination coverage, poor surveillance, and/ or poor data quality), conditions that favor intense fecal-oral poliovirus transmission and correlate with low socioeconomic status (including poor sanitary and hygienic conditions, high birth rates and crowding, poor nutrition, poverty, and high exposure to pathogens that interfere with vaccine response), and/or limited access (including immigrants, displaced populations, and populations in violent, insecure, or remote areas) [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. However, other subpopulations also emerge as important, including those in countries with sufficient access to vaccine who refuse immunization [22][23][24][25][26].…”