Revised Manuscript with Corrections: Polyurethane-Based Conductive Composites: From Synthesis to Applications

Abstract

The purpose of this review article is to outline the extended applications of polyurethane (PU)-based nanocomposites incorporated with conductive polymeric particles as well as to condense an outline on the chemistry and fabrication of polyurethanes (PUs). Additionally, we discuss related research trends of PU-based conducting materials for EMI shielding, sensors, coating, films, and foams, in particular those from the past 10 years. PU is generally an electrical insulator and behaves as a dielectric material. The electrical conductivity of PU is imparted by the addition of metal nanoparticles, and increases with the enhancing aspect ratio and ordering in structure, as happens in the case of conducting polymer fibrils or reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Nanocomposites with good electrical conductivity exhibit noticeable changes based on the remarkable electric properties of nanomaterials such as graphene, RGO, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Recently, conducting polymers, including PANI, PPY, PTh, and their derivatives, have been popularly engaged as incorporated fillers into PU substrates. This review also discusses additional challenges and future-oriented perspectives combined with here-and-now practicableness.

Fabrication of Conductive, High Strength and Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Shielded Green Composites Based on Waste Materials

“…Much research has been carried out to develop and analyze the electrical, dielectric, and EMI shielding effectiveness of conductive polymeric composites [ 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Zhan et al explored natural conductive composites based on epoxy/chicken feathers, which have a 2–4 times higher electrical resistivity than glass fiber composites.…”

Single-side polypyrrole coated conductive and flexible polyurethane films

“…In generally, chemical polymerization was used for synthesis by using halogen acceptors [ 19 ], ferric compounds, ammonium persulphate [ 20 ] and CAN as oxidant [ 21 ] as well as by electrochemical polymerization [ 22 ]. High specific area of CP composites and combination of excellent electrical, electrochemical and optical properties of CPs and mechanical strength and binding characteristics of polymer-based matrix makes them an excellent choice for lots of applications [ 23 ]. Due to elastomeric properties of PU, these materials became stretchable electronics and can also be engineered to be useful in applications in many areas such as high-performance sensors [ 24 ], tissue engineering [ 25 ], rechargeable batteries [ 26 ], supercapacitors [ 27 ], corrosion-inhibiting [ 28 ], antistatic coatings [ 29 ], fuel cells [ 30 ], EMI shielding materials [ 31 ], biomedical applications [ 32 ], wearable textiles [ 33 ] desalination [ 34 ] and so on.…”

Conductive polyacrylate coatings filled with bimetal Cu–Ni, Zn–Cu, or Zn–Ni powders and graphene nanoplatelets

“…4,12 Non-metallic conductive coatings can be obtained using either a conductive polymer, such as polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, 10,13 or a non-conductive polymer matrix containing a filler that ensures the flow of electric current. 9,14 Conductive polymers have many drawbacks due to their high cost, toxicity of row materials, and poor mechanical characteristics. 15 Non-conductive polymer matrix can be based on acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene or acrylate polymers, polyurethane, epoxy resin.…”

“…15 Non-conductive polymer matrix can be based on acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene or acrylate polymers, polyurethane, epoxy resin. 1,12,[14][15][16] To obtain electrically conductive material, metal particles are introduced into a polymer in a form of micron-sized flowers, 3 nanoparticles, 17 flaky powders, 18 and nanowires. 6,19 Up to date silver is one of the most common industrial fillers in electrically conductive coatings.…”