Revised Mapping of Bedrock Geology Adjoining the Utah FORGE Site

Kirby, Stefan M.

doi:10.34191/mp-169-a

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The Utah FORGE site is located near the southeast margin of the Great Basin. The regional stratigraphy is made of folded and imbricated Paleozoic-Mesozoic strata that have been overprinted by a widespread Basin and Range style extension and eruption of Tertiaryrecent mafic-felsic magmatic centers [10,13,14]. Near the Utah FORGE site, Paleozoic-Mesozoic strata are absent, and consequently the stratigraphy is divided into two units composed of (1) crystalline plutonic rocks that form the basement ("granitoids") and (2) younger overlying bedded alluvium and volcanic deposits that fill the basin ("basin fill").…”

Section: Overview Of the Geologic Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the area surrounding the FORGE site, alluvial fans are largely composed of materials derived from the Mineral Mountain, including scattered fragments of obsidian and pea-sized gruss. The oldest alluvium may be several million years old, being restricted to a few isolated exposures [10,16].…”

Section: Overview Of the Geologic Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Major geologic units shown are green colors for undifferentiated granite, reddish/purple for rhyolite, and gray for alluvial sediments. Geologic map data adapted from [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Reference Thermal-Hydrologic-Mechanical Native State Model of the Utah FORGE Enhanced Geothermal Site

et al. 2021

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The Frontier Observatory for Research in Geothermal Energy (FORGE) site is a multi-year initiative funded by the U.S. Department of Energy for enhanced geothermal system research and development. The site is located on the margin of the Great Basin near the town of Milford, Utah. Work has so far resulted in the compilation of a large amount of subsurface data which have been used to improve the geologic understanding of the site. Based on the compiled data, a three-dimensional geologic model describing the structure, composition, permeability, and temperature at the Utah FORGE site was developed. A deep exploratory well (Well 58-32) and numerous tests conducted therein provide information on reservoir rock type, temperature, stress, permeability, etc. Modeling and simulation will play a critical role at the site and need to be considered as a general scientific discovery tool to elucidate the behavior of enhanced geothermal systems and as a deterministic (or stochastic) tool to plan and predict specific activities. This paper will present the development of a reference native state model and the calibration of the model to the reservoir pressure, temperature, and stress measured in Well 58-32.

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Section: Overview Of the Geologic Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Overview Of the Geologic Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Reference Thermal-Hydrologic-Mechanical Native State Model of the Utah FORGE Enhanced Geothermal Site

et al. 2021

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“…Both the Negro Mag and Opal Mound faults appear to terminate at their intersection. [9], the name of the publisher: Geological Society of America; and [15], the name of the publisher: Utah Geological Survey). For clarity, only a few of the many wells are shown.…”

Section: Geological Review Of Forge Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 1. (A) Geologic map of the FORGE site and surrounding area (modified from[9], the name of the publisher: Geological Society of America; and[15], the name of the publisher: Utah Geological Survey). For clarity, only a few of the many wells are shown.…”

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confidence: 99%

In-Situ Stress Measurements at the Utah Frontier Observatory for Research in Geothermal Energy (FORGE) Site

2020

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A scientific injection campaign was conducted at the Utah Frontier Observatory for Research in Geothermal Energy (FORGE) site in 2017 and 2019. The testing included pump-in/shut-in, pump-in/flowback, and step rate tests. Various methods have been employed to interpret the in-situ stress from the test dataset. This study focuses on methods to interpret the minimum in-situ stress from step rate, pump-in/extended shut-in tests data obtained during the stimulation of two zones in Well 58-32. This well was drilled in low-permeability granitoid. A temperature of 199 °C was recorded at the well’s total depth of 2297 m relative to the rotary Kelly bushing (RKB). The lower zone (Zone 1) consisted of 46 m of the openhole at the toe of the well. Fractures in the upper zone (Zone 2) were stimulated between 2123–2126 m measured depths (MD) behind the casing. The closure stress gradient variation depended on the depth and the injection chronology. The closure stress was found to increase with the pumping rate/volume. This stress variation could indicate that poroelastic effects (“back stress”) and the presence of adjacent natural fractures may play an important role in the interpretation of fracture closure stress. Further, progressively increasing local total stresses may, consequently, have practical applications when moderate volumes of fluid are injected in a naturally fractured or high-temperature reservoir. The alternative techniques that use pump-in/flowback tests and temperature signatures provide a valuable perspective view of the in-situ stress measurements.

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High-resolution Bayesian spatial autocorrelation (SPAC) quasi-3-D Vs model of Utah FORGE site with a dense geophone array

Zhang

Pankow

2021

Geophysical Journal International

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Summary We expand the application of spatial autocorrelation (SPAC) from typical 1D Vs profiles to quasi-3D imaging via Bayesian Monte-Carlo inversion (BMCI) using a dense nodal array (49 nodes) located at the Utah Frontier Observatory for Research in Geothermal Energy (FORGE) site. Combinations of 4 and 9 geophones in subarrays provide for 36 and 25 1D Vs profiles, respectively. Profiles with error bars are determined by calculating coherency functions that fit observations in a frequency range of 0.2–5 Hz. Thus, a high-resolution quasi-3D Vs model from the surface to 2.0 km depth is derived and shows that surface-parallel sedimentary strata deepen to the west, consistent with a 3D seismic reflection survey. Moreover, the resulting Vs profile is consistent with a Vs profile derived from distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) data located in a borehole at the FORGE site. The quasi-3D velocity model shows that the base of the basin dips ∼22o to the west and topography on the basement interface coincident with the Mag Lee Wash suggests that the bedrock interface is an unconformity.

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Revised Mapping of Bedrock Geology Adjoining the Utah FORGE Site

Cited by 5 publications

References 5 publications

A Reference Thermal-Hydrologic-Mechanical Native State Model of the Utah FORGE Enhanced Geothermal Site

A Reference Thermal-Hydrologic-Mechanical Native State Model of the Utah FORGE Enhanced Geothermal Site

In-Situ Stress Measurements at the Utah Frontier Observatory for Research in Geothermal Energy (FORGE) Site

High-resolution Bayesian spatial autocorrelation (SPAC) quasi-3-D Vs model of Utah FORGE site with a dense geophone array

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