Revising REACH guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment for engineered nanomaterials for aquatic ecotoxicity endpoints: recommendations from the EnvNano project

Hansen, Steffen Foss; Sørensen, Sara Nørgaard; Skjolding, Lars Michael; Hartmann, Nanna B.; Baun, Anders

doi:10.1186/s12302-017-0111-3

Cited by 30 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…The higher sludge concentration resulted in more triphenyl ester OPEs being absorbed, and the removal by volatilization in the water phase was slowed down. With increasing hydrophobicity (sorption) of the OPE, the fraction of freely dissolved OPE present in the water phase available for degradation decreases, and therefore the overall rate constant should also decrease ( Hansen et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerobic and Anaerobic Biodegradability of Organophosphates in Activated Sludge Derived From Kitchen Garbage Biomass and Agricultural Residues

Yang

Fan

et al. 2021

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Organophosphates (also known as organophosphate esters, OPEs) have in recent years been found to be significant pollutants in both aerobic and anaerobic activated sludge. Food waste, such as kitchen garbage and agricultural residues, can be used as co-substrates to treat the active sludge in sewage treatment plants (STPs). We investigated the biodegradability of nine OPEs derived from kitchen garbage biomass and agricultural residues under different conditions. Under anaerobic conditions, the rate of removal of triphenyl ester OPEs was significantly higher than that of chloride and alkyl OPEs. The addition of FeCl3 and Fe powder increased the rate of degradation of triphenyl ester OPEs, with a DT50 for triphenyl ester OPEs of 1.7–3.8 d for FeCl3 and 1.3–4.7 d for Fe powder, compared to a DT50 of 4.3–6.9 d for the blank control. Addition of an electron donor and a rhamnolipid increased the rate of removal of chlorinated OPEs, with DT50 values for tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine) (TCEP) and tris(1,3-dichloroisopropyl)phosphate (TDCPP) of 18.4 and 10.0 d, respectively, following addition of the electron donor, and 13.7 and 3.0 d, respectively, following addition of the rhamnolipid. However, addition of an electron donor, electron acceptor, surfactant, and Fe powder did not always increase the degradation of different kinds of OPEs, which was closely related to the structure of the OPEs. No treatment increased the removal of alkyl OPEs due to their low anaerobic degradability. Tween 80, a non-ionic surfactant, inhibited anaerobic degradation to some degree for all OPEs. Under aerobic conditions, alkyl OPEs were more easily degraded, chlorinated OPEs needed a long adaptation period to degrade and finally attain a 90% removal rate, while the rates of degradation of triphenyl ester OPEs were significantly affected by the concentration of sludge. Higher sludge concentrations help microorganisms to adapt and remove OPEs. This study provides new insights into methods for eliminating emerging pollutants using activated sludge cultured with kitchen garbage biomass and agricultural residues.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerobic and Anaerobic Biodegradability of Organophosphates in Activated Sludge Derived From Kitchen Garbage Biomass and Agricultural Residues

Yang

Fan

et al. 2021

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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“…[17] The nanoCRED checklist has important regulatory implications and assists in regulatory decision-making to set environmental quality standards. [18] However, a checklist to guide the description of nanotoxicity experiments for the exchange and interpretation of data from nanotoxicity studies in a way that would permit cross-disciplinary comparison and support NM safety/ toxicity databases and the communication and analysis of toxicological profiles of NMs beyond regulatory purposes does not yet exist.…”

Section: Reporting Toxicological Principles In Bio-nano Experimental mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adding Toxicological Context to Nanotoxicity Study Reporting Using the NanoTox Metadata List

Drobne

2021

Small

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This paper proposes a list of specifications (NanoTox metadata list) to be reported about nanotoxicity experiments (metadata) together with resultant data to add toxicological context to reported studies. In areas involving nanomaterials (NMs), existing metadata reporting standards include the reporting of experimental conditions and protocols (MIRIBEL) and material characteristics (MINChar and MIAN), as well as reporting focused on specific experiments (MINBE). NanoCRED is a similarly transparent and structured framework, however, it is developed to guide risk assessors in evaluating the reliability and relevance of NM ecotoxicity studies. There is no reporting standard which would include interpretation of the aims and outcomes of nanotoxicity studies beyond regulatory purposes. The proposed NanoTox metadata reporting checklist is elaborated to extend reporting toward describing nanotoxicological context and thus is a logical complement to technology/material‐assay focused reporting checklists. It is further designed to allow for NM toxicity data and knowledge integration, reuse, and communication. Its ultimate goal is to adhere to the basic rules of toxicology when taking a stand on the toxicity of NMs and to limit speculations on safety. As nanotoxicology becomes more interdisciplinary with the advent of new tools and new materials to be tested, reporting standards will contribute to cross‐disciplinary communication.

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“…For example, in the ECHA's Guidance "Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment", TGx-related technologies and toxicity testing are discussed in the context of in vitro data and Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs). The guidance states that the value of the in vitro models in toxicity testing could be increased by incorporating molecular based markers through the application of proteomic and toxicogenomic approaches [137]. Also the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has recognized the potential of TGx [138].…”

Section: Regulatory Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomics in Toxicogenomics, Part I: Experimental Design, Technologies, Publicly Available Data, and Regulatory Aspects

et al. 2020

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The starting point of successful hazard assessment is the generation of unbiased and trustworthy data. Conventional toxicity testing deals with extensive observations of phenotypic endpoints in vivo and complementing in vitro models. The increasing development of novel materials and chemical compounds dictates the need for a better understanding of the molecular changes occurring in exposed biological systems. Transcriptomics enables the exploration of organisms' responses to environmental, chemical, and physical agents by observing the molecular alterations in more detail. Toxicogenomics integrates classical toxicology with omics assays, thus allowing the characterization of the mechanism of action (MOA) of chemical compounds, novel small molecules, and engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). Lack of standardization in data generation and analysis currently hampers the full exploitation of toxicogenomics-based evidence in risk assessment. To fill this gap, TGx methods need to take into account appropriate experimental design and possible pitfalls in the transcriptomic analyses as well as data generation and sharing that adhere to the FAIR Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 750 2 of 23 recent advancements in the design and analysis of DNA microarray, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), and single-cell RNA-Seq (scRNA-Seq) data. We provide guidelines on exposure time, dose and complex endpoint selection, sample quality considerations and sample randomization. Furthermore, we summarize publicly available data resources and highlight applications of TGx data to understand and predict chemical toxicity potential. Additionally, we discuss the efforts to implement TGx into regulatory decision making to promote alternative methods for risk assessment and to support the 3R (reduction, refinement, and replacement) concept. This review is the first part of a three-article series on Transcriptomics in Toxicogenomics. These initial considerations on Experimental Design, Technologies, Publicly Available Data, Regulatory Aspects, are the starting point for further rigorous and reliable data preprocessing and modeling, described in the second and third part of the review series.

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Revising REACH guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment for engineered nanomaterials for aquatic ecotoxicity endpoints: recommendations from the EnvNano project

Cited by 30 publications

References 66 publications

Aerobic and Anaerobic Biodegradability of Organophosphates in Activated Sludge Derived From Kitchen Garbage Biomass and Agricultural Residues

Aerobic and Anaerobic Biodegradability of Organophosphates in Activated Sludge Derived From Kitchen Garbage Biomass and Agricultural Residues

Adding Toxicological Context to Nanotoxicity Study Reporting Using the NanoTox Metadata List

Transcriptomics in Toxicogenomics, Part I: Experimental Design, Technologies, Publicly Available Data, and Regulatory Aspects

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