Revising the DETECT Seeing Distance Model

Farber, Eugene

doi:10.4271/880716

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…There is also no explicit driver search model in the BR formulation; rather, each 0.33-s BR glimpse is assumed to be independent, which is reasonable if it is expected that with the presence of an LVNM collision warning signal, the driver will contain any alerted search within the lane directly ahead. [Note that a viable alternative would be the PCDETECT model (32), which takes into account driver age and glare, but the BR is used at this point for its simplicity, as it clearly highlights the importance of understanding and modeling target, background, and weather characteristics toward distal vehicle detection. It serves to illustrate the effects of atmospheric conditions and how this can be quantitatively characterized.…”

Section: Bailey-rand Contrast and Similar Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of a Cognitive Car-Following Driver Model: Application to Rear-End Crashes with a Stopped Lead Vehicle

Misener

Tsao

Song

et al. 2000

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation R

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Rear-end crashes are a major roadway safety problem, and the potential of crash countermeasures to address this has long been recognized. High-frequency or severe-consequence scenarios are focused on the general lead-vehicle-not-moving (LVNM) case and specific crash scenarios. Operating scenarios are identified, and frequencies are assessed. From these, a small number of prevalent LVNM crash scenarios are identified as the focus for subsequent model development and crash counter-measure efforts. These scenarios suggest nominal atmospheric, roadway, lighting, vehicle, and driver conditions in designing cost-effective safety features to avoid LVNM rear-end crashes. From this, emergent models for cognitive car following are developed, based on fusing current knowledge. This will serve as a foundation for further model development efforts as well as for future human-factors experiments.

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Section: Bailey-rand Contrast and Similar Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of a Cognitive Car-Following Driver Model: Application to Rear-End Crashes with a Stopped Lead Vehicle

Misener

Tsao

Song

et al. 2000

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation R

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“…Several models are available to predict visibility under headlamp illumination both with and without the effects of glare [e.g., [1][2][3]. The models are based on the ability to detect pavement markings, roadway signs or delineators, and pedestrians along the roadway.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Headlamp Illumination and Glare: An Approach to Predicting Peripheral Visibility

Bullough

Derlofske

2004

SAE Technical Paper Series

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Peripheral visibility is an important aspect of driving but one that is not understood as robustly as on-axis visibility. The present paper summarizes results from a series of field studies investigating the effect of headlamp illumination and of oncoming headlamp glare on the speed and accuracy of response to small targets located in the visual periphery. These experiments used headlamp sets providing differing amounts of illumination on targets of varying reflectance, located throughout the field of view. Reaction times to the onset of targets and the percentage of missed targets were measured. The characteristics and locations of the targets and experimental geometry were similar in each study as were the subject demographic characteristics, so that results were very consistent among each of the studies. The pooled results of these studies make up a set of data from which a model of forward visibility as a function of headlamp illumination, oncoming glare, target reflectance and peripheral angle can be developed. An empirical model is outlined in the present paper with recommendations for future refinements.

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“…The present paper advocates a user-centered approach (Norman, 1988;Owens, Helmers, & Sivak, 1993) to describing the region of headlamp illumination as an envelope, defined in terms of general limits of visual performance. This approach could serve as a complement to point-prediction models (e.g., Commission Internationale de L' Eclariage, 1981;Farber, 1988), which attempt to specify the visibility of an object on the basis of specific stimulus variables combined with a "field factor" correction to compensate for unknown variations in factors such as environment, task demands, attention, arousal, expectation, and decision criterion (Owens, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Twilight Envelope: A User-Centered Approach to Describing Roadway Illumination at Night

Andre

Owens

2001

Hum Factors

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Visual recognition functions, such as acuity and contrast sensitivity, deteriorate rapidly over the declining luminances found during civil twilight. Thus civil twilight, a critical part of the transition between daylight and darkness, represents lighting conditions that may be useful to describe artificial illumination. Automotive headlamps project a three-dimensional beam that ranges from illumination levels comparable to daylight at the vehicle to the dark limit of civil twilight (3.3 1x) at some distance ahead. This twilight envelope is characterized as a distance beyond which foveal visual functions are severely impaired, and thus it provides a general, functional description of the useful extent of the headlamp beam. This user-centered approach to describing illumination is useful for characterizing visibility when driving at night or in other artificially lit environments. This paper discusses the twilight envelope approach and its application to intervehicle variations in headlamp systems. Actual or potential applications of this research include user-centered description of artificial illumination and driver/pedestrian safety education.

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Revising the DETECT Seeing Distance Model

Cited by 21 publications

References 2 publications

Emergence of a Cognitive Car-Following Driver Model: Application to Rear-End Crashes with a Stopped Lead Vehicle

Emergence of a Cognitive Car-Following Driver Model: Application to Rear-End Crashes with a Stopped Lead Vehicle

Headlamp Illumination and Glare: An Approach to Predicting Peripheral Visibility

The Twilight Envelope: A User-Centered Approach to Describing Roadway Illumination at Night

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