Revising the Resistiveness to Care Scale

Jablonski, Rita A.; Winstead, Vicki; Jones-Townsend, Corteza; Azuero, Andres; Mahoney, Ellen; Kolanowski, Ann

doi:10.1891/1061-3749.24.2.e72

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Occurrence and intensity of CRB were operationalised as a binary indicator and a numeric score, respectively, obtained from the revised Resistiveness to Care Scale (RTC‐r) . The RTC‐r is a modification of the original Resistiveness to Care Scale for dementia of the Alzheimer's type .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Randomised clinical trial: Efficacy of strategies to provide oral hygiene activities to nursing home residents with dementia who resist mouth care

et al. 2018

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Randomised clinical trial: Efficacy of strategies to provide oral hygiene activities to nursing home residents with dementia who resist mouth care

et al. 2018

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“…The RTC-DAT was revised by Jablonski-Jaudon et al for use in real time rather than video recordings. 21 Duration was removed from scoring, and a modified scoring with frequency and intensity of care resistive behaviors was implemented. The RTC-r demonstrated strong interrater reliability and convergent validity.…”

Section: Revision Of Rtc-dat: Rtc-rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Person‐centered assessment of apathy and resistance to care in people living with dementia: Review of existing measures

Mast

Ertle

Kolanowski

et al. 2022

A&D Transl Res & Clin Interv

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Introduction:The review described in this paper builds upon the Dementia Care Practice Recommendations (DCPR) published by the Alzheimer's Association in 2018 and addresses behavior change and the need for targeted outcome measures that evolve from person-centered frameworks and help evaluate interventions. Apathy and resistance to care (RTC) are two specific behavioral expressions of unmet need or distress exhibited by people living with dementia, which are upsetting to formal and family caregivers and compromise quality of life for people living with dementia. Methods:We conducted literature searches of major databases (PsycInfo, PubMed, EBSCO, CINAHL) for papers examining apathy and RTC constructs in samples of people living with dementia. Reliability and validity coefficients were reviewed and reported, along with examination of whether each measure facilitates contextual understanding of behavior.Results: Three stand-alone measures of RTC and ten measures of apathy were identified and reviewed. The RTC measures demonstrated good psychometric properties but do not include the perspective of the person living with dementia or contextual aspects of the behavior. The identified apathy measures demonstrated fair to good psychometric properties, and although there is greater consideration of context, none adequately include the perspective of the person living with dementia.Discussion: Although reliable and valid measures have been developed to measure apathy and RTC in people living with dementia, there is greater need for conceptually driven measurement of behavior context and for tools that elicit and include the perspective of the person living with dementia.

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“…RCB refers to actions taken by a person with dementia to avoid receiving assistance or care activities [5,6,7]. RCB encompasses an entire spectrum of behaviors, from subtle verbal or nonverbal signals to full-on assaults [7,8]. Examples include pulling away or turning away from the caregiver, saying “no,” crying, yelling, pushing the caregiver away, grabbing an object to evade care, clenching the mouth shut (to avoid medication, food, or mouth care), adducting limbs (to prevent the axillae or perineal areas from being cleansed), and striking the caregiver [6,7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In long-term care settings, Mahoney et al were among the first to distinguish RCB from other behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). Jablonski and colleagues have been instrumental in testing theoretically driven strategies that enable long-term care staff to successfully provide mouth care to persons with dementia exhibiting RCB [8,9,15,16,17]. For this study Jablonski et al’s non-drug, behavioral interventions were adapted to a distance-accessible education, training, and coaching program for family caregivers of people with Alzheimer’s disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Description of Process and Content of Online Dementia Coaching for Family Caregivers of Persons with Dementia

2019

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Family caregivers of persons with dementia encounter resistance to care behaviors (RCBs). The purpose of this methods paper was to describe the process and content of six weekly 60-min caregiver coaching sessions delivered synchronously through an online platform to 26 family caregivers of persons with dementia. All session notes were analyzed for process; two coaching sessions from five purposely-selected participants were transcribed and analyzed thematically for content. The six sessions followed an overall pattern. The first session included the most teaching and goal-setting; the coaches also queried the family caregiver about the premorbid personality, work history, and interpersonal attributes of the person with dementia. Sessions two through five were the most active coaching sessions; previously suggested strategies were evaluated and tailored; caregivers also role-played with the coaches and developed scripts designed to curtail RCB. The sixth session served as a review of successful caregiver strategies and concluded the coaching relationship. Four primary content themes emerged in the coaching process: (1) education; (2) caregiver communication; (3) affirmation of the caregiver; and (4) individualized strategies. These four content categories were used throughout the coaching process and were interwoven with each other so that the participant knew why the behavior was occurring, how to verbally address it, how to use a strategy effectively, and affirmation of the result. The coaching process and content demonstrated alignment with person-centered practices and relationship-centered care.

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Revising the Resistiveness to Care Scale

Cited by 6 publications

References 20 publications

Randomised clinical trial: Efficacy of strategies to provide oral hygiene activities to nursing home residents with dementia who resist mouth care

Randomised clinical trial: Efficacy of strategies to provide oral hygiene activities to nursing home residents with dementia who resist mouth care

Person‐centered assessment of apathy and resistance to care in people living with dementia: Review of existing measures

Description of Process and Content of Online Dementia Coaching for Family Caregivers of Persons with Dementia

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