Revision and clarification of the sensitivity to punishment sensitivity to reward questionnaire

Conner, Bradley T.; Rahm-Knigge, Ryan L.; Jenkins, Amanda J.

doi:10.1016/j.paid.2017.09.016

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…To evaluate the differences between phenotypes in self-assessed sensitivity to punishment and reward, the participants completed the Sensitivity to Punishment Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire-Revision and Clarification (SPSRQ-RC), described and validated in detail by Conner et al ( 29 ). The SPSRQ-RC is a questionnaire that measures self-assessed sensitivity to reinforcement.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The participants were further tested with regard to the abovementioned cognitive processes using experimental paradigms, such as the Ambiguous-Cue Interpretation test [ACI ( 24 )], assessing cognitive judgment bias, the Probabilistic Reversal Learning test [PRL ( 25 )], measuring sensitivity to positive and negative reinforcement and cognitive flexibility, and the Belief Updating Test [BUT ( 26 )], measuring asymmetry in updating one's beliefs based on the type of information obtained. Participants were also tested with regard to their personality traits using questionnaires including the Life Orientation Test-Revised [LOT-R ( 17 )] allowing measurement of dispositional optimism; the Ten-Item Personality Inventory [TIPI ( 27 )] assessing the Big Five personality traits (extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, openness to experience and neuroticism); the Trait Anxiety Scale [TAS ( 14 )] measuring their level of dispositional anxiety; the Grandiose Narcissism Scale [GNS ( 28 )] evaluating self-perceived authority, self-sufficiency, superiority, vanity, exhibitionism, entitlement, and exploitativeness; and the Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire [SPSRQ-RC ( 29 )] and the BIS/BAS (behavioral inhibition system/behavioral activation system) Scale ( 30 ), which were aimed at self-assessment of reinforcement sensitivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognitive Processes and Personality Traits Underlying Four Phenotypes of Susceptibility to (Mis)Information

et al. 2022

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Misinformation on social media poses a serious threat to democracy, sociopolitical stability, and mental health. Thus, it is crucial to investigate the nature of cognitive mechanisms and personality traits that contribute to the assessment of news items' veracity, failures in the discernment of their truthfulness, and behavioral engagement with the news, especially if one wants to devise any intervention to stop the spread of misinformation in social media. The current research aimed to develop and test a 4-fold taxonomy classifying people into four distinct phenotypes of susceptibility to (mis)information. In doing so, it aimed to establish differences in cognitive and psychological profiles between these phenotypes. The investigated cognitive processes included sensitivity to feedback, belief updating, and cognitive judgment bias. Psychological traits of interest included the Big Five model, grandiose narcissism, anxiety, and dispositional optimism. The participants completed online surveys that consisted of a new scale designed to classify people into one of four phenotypes of susceptibility to (mis)information, advanced cognitive tests, and reliable psychological instruments. The four identified phenotypes, Doubters, Knowers, Duffers, and Consumers, showed that believing in misinformation does not imply denying the truth. In contrast, the numerically largest phenotypes encompassed individuals who were either susceptible (Consumers) or resistant (Doubters), in terms of veracity judgment and behavioral engagement, to any news, regardless of its truthfulness. Significantly less frequent were the phenotypes characterized by excellent and poor discernment of the news' truthfulness (the Knowers and the Duffers, respectively). The phenotypes significantly differed in sensitivity to positive and negative feedback, cognitive judgment bias, extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, emotional stability, grandiose narcissism, anxiety, and dispositional optimism. The obtained results constitute a basis for a new and holistic approach in understanding susceptibility to (mis)information as a psycho-cognitive phenotype.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Processes and Personality Traits Underlying Four Phenotypes of Susceptibility to (Mis)Information

et al. 2022

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“…Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire- Revised and Clarified (SPSRQ-RC): Conner, Rahm-Knigge, Jenkins ( 39 ) developed SPSRQ-RC. This 20-item scale measures sensitivity to reward (SR) and sensitivity to punishment (SP), which are scored on a 5-point Likert scale (from "totally correct" to "totally incorrect").…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The RST scheme consists of three distinct neurobiological systems involved in sensitivity and responsiveness to rewards and punishments. These systems include the Behavioral Activation System (BAS), Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS), and the Fight/Flight System (FFS) ( 27 ). Concerned with sensitivity to rewards, the BAS is activated by agreeable stimuli.…”

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confidence: 99%

Executive Functions and Reinforcement Sensitivity in Women with Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms

Amani¹,

Keyvanlo²

2022

IJPS

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Objective: Obsessive-compulsive disorder is associated with cognitive and motivational deficits caused by abnormal activities in certain neural circuits. This study sets out to determine the contribution of each component of executive function and reinforcement sensitivity in prediction of obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Method: In this cross-sectional study, the study population consisted of all adult women living in Sabzevar city (Iran). Using cluster sampling, 365 women were selected as the study sample. Participants completed the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory, Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire - Revised and Clarified (SPSRQ-RC) as well as Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF). Data analysis was conducted using correlation and regression tests. Results: The results of stepwise regression analysis showed that inhibition, shift and initiation variables as well as sensitivity to punishment and reward were best predictors of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (adjusted R square = 0.34, F = 38.93, P < 0.0001). Conclusion: It seems that impaired executive functions in cognition and sensitivity to reinforcement in motivation contribute to the emergence or sustainability of obsessive-compulsive symptoms.

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“…Participants respond to each item using a four-point Likert scale ranging from agree strongly to disagree strongly. The Sensitivity to Punishment and Reward Questionnaire-Revised and Clarified (Connor et al, 2018) was used to assess sensitivity to reward and sensitivity to punishment. This scale is 20 items with five-point Likert scale response options ranging from very untrue to very true.…”

Section: Impulsive Personality Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of acute alcohol intoxication on risk attitude

McCarty¹

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There is a strong relationship between engaging in risk taking behaviors, or behaviors with a high probability of negative and undesirable consequences, and the use of alcohol and other substances of abuse. Mounting evidence suggests that dysfunctional decision making contributes to the development and maintenance of addiction and related behaviors. This study explored the effects of acute alcohol intoxication on decision making under risk. Regular drinkers were recruited for a within subjects, placebo controlled, alcohol administration study. They completed a decision-making task at peak alcohol intoxication and at a time matched assessment in a placebo condition, as well as several baseline measures. The aim of this study was to examine whether alcohol intoxication impacts risk attitude. The associations between risk attitude and related personality traits, problematic alcohol use, and alcohol related risk-taking behaviors were also tested. The results of the study suggest that intoxicated risk attitude, and not risk attitude in the placebo condition, is associated with indices of alcohol consumption and to a lesser extent, alcohol consequences. Alcohol intoxication did not significantly impact risk attitude classification. Risk attitude was not associated with impulsive personality traits, alcohol expectancies, or risk-taking behaviors. While risk attitude may have utility for identifying those who are at risk for alcohol problems, tasks designed to assess behavior specific decision processes may be useful for understanding risky patterns of decision making.

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Revision and clarification of the sensitivity to punishment sensitivity to reward questionnaire

Cited by 14 publications

References 37 publications

Cognitive Processes and Personality Traits Underlying Four Phenotypes of Susceptibility to (Mis)Information

Cognitive Processes and Personality Traits Underlying Four Phenotypes of Susceptibility to (Mis)Information

Executive Functions and Reinforcement Sensitivity in Women with Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms

The effect of acute alcohol intoxication on risk attitude

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