Revision and reclassification of three Plasmopara species based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic data

Voglmayr, Hermann; Constantinescu, O.

doi:10.1016/j.mycres.2007.10.009

Cited by 47 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This is most likely due to the highly informative cox2 gene, which has been proven to be suitable for inferring subgeneric to suprafamiliar phylogenetic relationships in previous studies (Hudspeth et al 2000(Hudspeth et al , 2003Choi et al 2007bChoi et al , 2008Choi et al , 2009aThines et al 2008Thines et al , 2009a. Although tree topology is partly different from previously inferred topologies in Bremia Voglmayr and Constantinescu 2008), all comparable highly supported clades from the corresponding studies were also observed in the present study. Only minor topological differences were observed when comparing cox2 and nrLSU trees (data not shown), mainly related to the crown group of Bremia (clade 1) consisting of specimens from various tribes of the Asteraceae.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…The resolution of infrageneric phylogenetic relationships of Bremia accessions from Europe is significantly improved in comparison to previous studies including a variety of Bremia specimens Voglmayr and Constantinescu 2008). This is most likely due to the highly informative cox2 gene, which has been proven to be suitable for inferring subgeneric to suprafamiliar phylogenetic relationships in previous studies (Hudspeth et al 2000(Hudspeth et al , 2003Choi et al 2007bChoi et al , 2008Choi et al , 2009aThines et al 2008Thines et al , 2009a.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…This view was supported by Skidmore and Ingram (1985), who claimed that morphological characters were too variable to distinguish the host-specific Bremia lineages they found, and therefore treated them as formae speciales rather than as distinct species. However, molecular phylogenetic studies revealed that a considerable genetic diversity exists within the genus Bremia Voglmayr and Constantinescu 2008;Choi et al 2007a) and thus the existence of different species in the genus Bremia should be reconsidered. The so far most extensive phylogenetic study for Bremia ) contained accessions from numerous asteraceous hosts from Europe, including from all eleven host specific groups of Skidmore and Ingram (1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, only limited conclusions could be drawn as the study was mostly based on single accessions per host species and on only moderately variable nrLSU rDNA sequences. In Voglmayr and Constantinescu (2008), taxon sampling was restricted to clarify the phylogenetic relationships of Plasmopara centaureae-mollis, which was unequivocally placed in the genus Bremia. Hence, the presence of multiple species in European populations of Bremia lactucae could not yet been investigated in detail.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phylogenetic investigations in the downy mildew genus Bremia reveal several distinct lineages and a species with a presumably exceptional wide host range

et al. 2010

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Bremia lactucae is one of the most devastating and widespread pathogens in lettuce production worldwide. Despite its economical importance, uncertainty prevails about the species delimitation in the genus Bremia. Commonly, Bremia is considered to be monotypic, containing only Bremia lactucae, while taxonomists have described additional species, and molecular phylogenetic studies have shown significant sequence divergence between accessions from different hosts. Here, we report that several previously described species are genetically highly distinct from Bremia lactucae parasitic to Lactuca sativa. These include Bremia lapsanae, Bremia sonchicola, and Bremia taraxaci. In addition to these host-specific species, a plurivorous species is revealed, which infects hosts from three different tribes in the Asteraceae subfamilies Asteroideae and Carduoideae. The broad host range of clade 1 is exceptional for downy mildews and only paralleled by Pseudoperonospora cubensis, which infects a broad range of Cucurbitaceae. The taxonomic status of Bremia cirsii and of Bremia centaureae remains unresolved, as the accessions from Cirsium and Centaurea, respectively, did not form a monophylum but were partly contained in the plurivorous clade 1. Bremia lactucae was found to be restricted to Lactuca sativa and Lactuca serriola. Thus, it can be assumed that Bremia infections on weeds apart from Lactuca species do not pose a significant risk for lettuce production. However, it is unlikely that breeding resistance genes from Lactuca serriola into Lactuca sativa will result in durable resistance of lettuce to downy mildew disease, because the current study provides additional evidence that Bremia accessions from both hosts form a population continuum.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phylogenetic investigations in the downy mildew genus Bremia reveal several distinct lineages and a species with a presumably exceptional wide host range

et al. 2010

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“…The complete ITS rDNA region was amplified and sequenced using the primers ITS5-P2 (Voglmayr & Constantinescu, 2008) and ITS4, and deposited in GenBank (Accession No. EU660054).…”

Section: Pseudoperonospora Cubensis Causing Downy Mildew Disease Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytophthora cactorum causing bleeding canker of common beech, horse chestnut, and white poplar in the Czech Republic

et al. 2009

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In 2007, declining mature trees of common beech ( Fagus sylvatica ), horse chestnut ( Aesculus hippocastanum ), and white poplar ( Populus alba ) with bleeding cankers were found in several locations in the Central Bohemia region. The morphological and cultural characteristics of isolates from diseased tissues were consistent with those of Phytophthora cactorum (Erwin & Ribeiro, 1996). The colonies were stellate to rosaceous, appressed with slight aerial mycelium on V8 agar. Radial growth was 8-14 mm day -1 at 20 ° C. Optimum growth temperature was 23-25 ° C, minimum 3-8 ° C and maximum 30-33 ° C. Strains were homothallic, produced abundant terminal, smooth-walled, spherical oogonia (20 -35 μ m in diameter). Oospores were plerotic or nearly plerotic, 22-31 μ m in diameter and the oospore wall 1·0-2·2 μ m thick. Antheridia were para-gynous, but amphigynous antheridia also occurred in up to a quarter of cases. Sporangiophores were sympodial, sporangia ellipsoidal, ovoid to subglobose, papillate and measured 17-38 × 14-30 μ m (L:B ratio 1·05-1·80).Comparison of DNA sequences of ITS region of representative isolates from all hosts (GenBank Acc. Nos. EU562207-EU562209) gave 99% identity to P. cactorum . Isolates were deposited at Culture Collection of Fungi, Prague under CCF Nos. 3757, 3758, 3762.The pathogenicity was tested using 20, 1-year-old saplings of all three hosts. Wounds (5 mm diam.) on stems of ten saplings of each host were artificially inoculated by plugs of V8 agar from the actively growing colony margins of isolates and the wounds were sealed by Parafilm. The characteristic stem necroses developed after 1-2 weeks on all plants. Stems of many beech and horse chestnut saplings were girdled in 2 to 3 months and in c . 33% of poplars, with the majority of poplar saplings forming callus and surviving the infection. The pathogen was successfully reisolated from plants showing symptoms. The control plants inoculated in the same way with sterile agar plugs remained healthy.Phytophthora cactorum is well known pathogen of beech and horse chestnut (Brasier & Strouts, 1976;Jung et al ., 2005), but not reported on any poplar species. This is the first report of P. cactorum causing bleeding canker of common beech and horse chestnut in the Czech Republic and the first record of it on white poplar. Acknowledgement

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Oomycete Genetics and Genomics

Lamour¹,

Kamoun²

2008

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Revision and reclassification of three Plasmopara species based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic data

Cited by 47 publications

References 15 publications

Phylogenetic investigations in the downy mildew genus Bremia reveal several distinct lineages and a species with a presumably exceptional wide host range

Phylogenetic investigations in the downy mildew genus Bremia reveal several distinct lineages and a species with a presumably exceptional wide host range

Phytophthora cactorum causing bleeding canker of common beech, horse chestnut, and white poplar in the Czech Republic

Oomycete Genetics and Genomics

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