Revision of Campylobacter, Helicobacter, and Wolinella Taxonomy: Emendation of Generic Descriptions and Proposal of Arcobacter gen. nov.

Vandamme, Peter; Falsen, Enevold; Rossau, R.; Hoste, Bart; Segers, Paul; Tytgat, R.; Ley, J. De

doi:10.1099/00207713-41-1-88

Cited by 677 publications

(387 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Further, the three Campylobacter groups had a 49.3% overall 16S rRNA sequence similarity to representatives of the alpha, beta, and gamma phylogenetic branches of the class Proteobacteria, a depth of divergence greater than that among the three branches themselves and consistent with the conclusions reached by Romaniuk et al (50). Stackebrandt et al (54) took the position that overall there was a meaningful affinity between the campylobacters and members of the class Proteobacteria, and Vandamme et al (61,62) concluded that while the campylobacters clearly constitute a sixth rRNA superfamily within the gram-negative bacteria and are equally removed from all subclasses within the class Proteobacteria, it seems appropriate to consider rRNA superfamily Vl a fifth subclass of the class Proteobacteria, as deduced from a suggestion of Murray et al (33).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…This group includes Campylobacter, Arcobacter, Helicobacter, Wolinella, and "Flexispira" spp. and has been argued to constitute a separate bacterial lineage within the class Proteobacteria (62,63). The most recently published phylogenetic tree based on small-subunit rRNA sequences has the group positioned in the delta and epsilon subdivisions of the Proteobacteria (purple bacteria) (39).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Phylogenetic and molecular characterization of a 23S rRNA gene positions the genus Campylobacter in the epsilon subdivision of the Proteobacteria and shows that the presence of transcribed spacers is common in Campylobacter spp

et al. 1994

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The nucleotide sequence of a 23S rRNA gene of Campylobacter coli VC167 was determined. The primary sequence of the C. coli 23S rRNA was deduced, and a secondary-structure model was constructed. Comparison with Escherichia coli 23S rRNA showed a major difference in the C. coli rRNA at approximately position 1170 (E. coli numbering) in the form of an extra sequence block approximately 147 bp long. PCR analysis of 31 other strains of C. coli and C. jejuni showed that 69%o carried a transcribed spacer of either ca. 147 or ca. 37 bp.Comparison of all sequenced Campylobacter transcribed spacers showed that the Campylobacter inserts were related in sequence and percent G+C content. All Campylobacter strains carrying transcribed spacers in their 23S rRNA genes produced fragmented 23S rRNAs. Other strains which produced unfragmented 23S rRNAs did not appear to carry transcribed spacers at this position in their 23S rRNA genes. At the 1850 region (E. coli numbering), Campylobacter 23S rRNA displayed a base pairing signature most like that of the beta and gamma subdivisions of the class Proteobacteria, but in the 270 region, Campylobacter 23S rRNA displayed a helix signature which distinguished it from the alpha, beta, and gamma subdivisions. Phylogenetic analysis comparing C. coli VC167 23S rRNA and a C.jejuni TGH9011 (ATCC 43431) 23S rRNA with 53 other completely sequenced (eu)bacterial 23S rRNAs showed that the two campylobacters form a sister group to the alpha, beta, and gamma proteobacterial 23S rRNAs, a positioning consistent with the idea that the genus Campylobacter belongs to the epsilon subdivision of the class Proteobacteria.The members of the Campylobacter group of organisms are important pathogens in human and veterinary medicine. This group includes Campylobacter, Arcobacter, Helicobacter, Wolinella, and "Flexispira" spp. and has been argued to constitute a separate bacterial lineage within the class Proteobacteria (62, 63). The most recently published phylogenetic tree based on small-subunit rRNA sequences has the group positioned in the delta and epsilon subdivisions of the Proteobacteria (purple bacteria) (39). There are 11 Campylobacter species (9, 56), and the roles of several of these species in diseases of humans and animals have been well described (43). Typically, these small, nutritionally fastidious, microaerophilic, gram-negative spiral bacteria colonize moist body surfaces, including the human gingival cavity, the small intestinal mucosa, and the vaginal mucosa of bovines and this colonization leads to disease. The two most important human pathogens in the genus are Campylobacterjejuni and C. coli, which cause enteritis.In keeping with their small size and limited nutritional properties, the campylobacters have a small genome (23,37,57). At 1.7 to 1.8 Mb, the C. jejuni and C. coli genomes are only 36% of the size of the Escherichia coli chromosome (53) (23,24,27,37,57). Unlike the characteristic continuous 16S-23S (eu)bacterial rRNA operon structure seen in E. coli (35), several studies have sug...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic and molecular characterization of a 23S rRNA gene positions the genus Campylobacter in the epsilon subdivision of the Proteobacteria and shows that the presence of transcribed spacers is common in Campylobacter spp

et al. 1994

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“…Dechloromonas degrades benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (Chakraborty et al, 2005). Some bacteria detected at the Liulin site might function in the cycling of nitrogen, e.g., Arcobacter has been reported to reduce nitrate and fix nitrogen (Vandamme et al, 1991), Azonexus was described as being denitrifying bacteria (Quan et al, 2006) and as harbouring the nitrogenase gene nifH and able to reduce nitrate (Chou et al, 2008). As all of the metabolic functions above were inferred from DNA sequences and several were inferred from aerobically incubation, further determination of the activities and function of these bacteria using stable-isotope probing (SIP) and anaerobic cultivation is needed in future investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrosequencing reveals the dominance of methylotrophic methanogenesis in a coal bed methane reservoir associated with Eastern Ordos Basin in China

Guo

Liu

et al. 2012

International Journal of Coal Geology

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a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f oIt is generally believed that biogenic coal bed methane (CBM) is an end product of coal biodegradation by methanogenic archaea and syntrophic bacteria. In this work, the archaeal and bacterial communities of CBM reservoir associated with Ordos Basin in China were investigated using 454 pyrosequencing. Sampling produced water, coal and rock in the reservoir, a total of 46,598 sequence reads were obtained. All archaea were methanogens with the genus Methanolobus predominating. The genus consisted of 81.18% of pyrosequencing reads in water sample and > 99% in coal and rock samples. Although the phylum Proteobacteria was the main component of all samples, bacterial communities in coal and rock samples were similar at the genus level, which were distinctly separated with water sample. The results strongly suggested that methylotrophic methanogenesis governed the biogenic CBM formation. The separation of microbial communities between water and coal, rock samples should be considered when investigating the process of coal biodegradation and the generation of new biogenic CBM.

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“…The taxonomy of this group of organisms is now being clarified. Recent phylogenetic work has resulted in the creation of the genus Helicobacter, and new species of this genus are rapidly being recognized (14, 17,32,33,36,40,43). Although three of the gastric helicobacters are very similar physiologically and show high degrees of similarity (96%) in their 16s rRNA sequences, these bacteria have very different morphologies (19,24,31).…”

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confidence: 99%

Helicobacter muridarum sp. nov., a Microaerophilic Helical Bacterium with a Novel Ultrastructure Isolated from the Intestinal Mucosa of Rodents

Lee

Phillips²,

O’Rourke³

et al. 1992

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

159

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Helical organisms with novel ultrastructural characteristics were isolated from the intestinal mucosa of rats and mice. These bacteria were characterized by the presence of 9 to 11 periplasmic fibers which appeared as concentric helical ridges on the surface of each cell. The cells were motile with a rapid corkscrewlike motion and had bipolar tufts of 10 to 14 sheathed flagella. The bacteria were microaerophilic, nutritionally fastidious, and physiologically similar to Helicobucter species and Wolinella succinogenes but could be differentiated from these organisms by their unique cellular ultrastructure. Using 16s rRNA sequencing, we found that strain STIT (T = type strain) was related to previously described Helicobucter species, "Flexispira rappini," and W . succinogenes. The closest relatives of strain STIT were Helicobacter mustelae and "F. rappini" (average similarity value, 96%). On the basis of phylogenetic data, strain STIT (= ATCC 49282T) represents a new species of the genus Helicobucter, for which we propose the name HeZicobucter muridarum.Bacteria with a variety of spiral morphologies are common inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tracts of both humans and animals (8-10, 20, 24-26, 30, 34, 39). Several of these spiral bacteria are helically coiled and possess bipolar tufts of flagella and concentric ridges that are due to periplasmic fibers that run the length of each cell. They have been seen in a variety of gastrointestinal preparations, including ceca (8) and ilea of rats (34), colons of mice (39), and gastric mucosa (26) and fundic glands of dogs and cats (20). Recently, organisms with a similar morphology have been implicated in ovine abortions (5, 21) and in intestinal diseases in animals and humans (1, 37).Much of the recent work on spiral bacteria has concentrated on Helicobacter pylori and other Campylobacter-like organisms because of the postulated association of these bacteria with human gastrointestinal disease (6,18,28,29). The taxonomy of this group of organisms is now being clarified. Recent phylogenetic work has resulted in the creation of the genus Helicobacter, and new species of this genus are rapidly being recognized (14, 17,32,33,36,40,43). Although three of the gastric helicobacters are very similar physiologically and show high degrees of similarity (96%) in their 16s rRNA sequences, these bacteria have very different morphologies (19,24,31). H. pylori is a relatively short organism with one or two turns in its spiral body, while Helicobacter musteleae is a short, slightly curved, rodshaped organism with an unusual flagellum configuration. In contrast, Helicobacter felis is 5 to 7 pm long and has a tightly spiralled body with five or six turns; it is entwined with a distinctive series of periplasmic fibers.The distinctive periplasmic fibers are not new to us because 10 years ago we observed similar structures on a bacterium isolated from a rat ileum (34). The same organism * Corresponding author.has been described previously in the elegant electron microscopic studies of Erland...

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Revision of Campylobacter, Helicobacter, and Wolinella Taxonomy: Emendation of Generic Descriptions and Proposal of Arcobacter gen. nov.

Cited by 677 publications

References 42 publications

Phylogenetic and molecular characterization of a 23S rRNA gene positions the genus Campylobacter in the epsilon subdivision of the Proteobacteria and shows that the presence of transcribed spacers is common in Campylobacter spp

Phylogenetic and molecular characterization of a 23S rRNA gene positions the genus Campylobacter in the epsilon subdivision of the Proteobacteria and shows that the presence of transcribed spacers is common in Campylobacter spp

Pyrosequencing reveals the dominance of methylotrophic methanogenesis in a coal bed methane reservoir associated with Eastern Ordos Basin in China

Helicobacter muridarum sp. nov., a Microaerophilic Helical Bacterium with a Novel Ultrastructure Isolated from the Intestinal Mucosa of Rodents

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