Revision of the Arctic cod genus <i>Arctogadus</i>

Jordan, Anders D.; Nielsen, Jørgen G.

doi:10.1046/j.1095-8649.2003.00115.x

Cited by 30 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The most common method used by taxonomists to assign specimens to taxa is by comparison of anatomical, meristic, and morphometric characteristics. However, morphometric and meristic characteristics are often difficult to interpret because they show great variability, a high degree of overlap between species, and are subject to complex, nongenetic sources of variation because they are strongly influenced by biotic factors (Swain 1992;Lankford et al 2001;Yamahira et al 2006) and abiotic factors (Franca 1962;Hadfield et al 1979;Jordan et al 2003;Lloris et al 2003;McDowall 2008). Therefore, caution must be taken with their use for taxonomic purposes, especially if there are limited studies that have examined their allometric and clinal variation.…”

Section: Mgaymentioning

confidence: 98%

Clarifying the taxonomic status of Merluccius spp. in the northeastern Pacific: a combined morphological and molecular approach

Silva-Segundo¹,

Brito-Chavarria

Balart

et al. 2010

Rev Fish Biol Fisheries

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The taxonomic status of hake (Merluccius spp.) in the northeastern Pacific is unclear. Hakes in this region are Merluccius productus, M. angustimanus, M. hernandezi, and a morphotype known as dwarf hake. Of these, only the first two species are currently valid. Descriptions in previous studies have been limited by overlapping morphological characteristic, lack of biological material, and limited numbers of sampling localities. To clarify their taxonomy, 461 hake were obtained from eight localities along the North American coast for morphological and mitochondrial DNA sequence analyses (cytochrome b, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, and 16S ribosomal rDNA). Morphological and molecular analyses suggest that hake in this region represent a continuum of a single species with some levels of morphological and genetic intra-specific variation. In light of these results, we propose that M. productus is the only species of hake present along the North American and northern Central American coast.

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Section: Mgaymentioning

confidence: 98%

Clarifying the taxonomic status of Merluccius spp. in the northeastern Pacific: a combined morphological and molecular approach

Silva-Segundo¹,

Brito-Chavarria

Balart

et al. 2010

Rev Fish Biol Fisheries

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“…A review of Gadus to fully document the recent changes in nomenclature and assess implications for geographic distribution and history of the species is needed. Jordan et al (2003) provided meristic and morphometric evidence and a review of available records of Arctogadus, and synonymized A. borisovi in A. glacialis.…”

Section: Gadidae (Cods)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiversity of arctic marine fishes: taxonomy and zoogeography

2010

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Taxonomic and distributional information on each fish species found in arctic marine waters is reviewed, and a list of families and species with commentary on distributional records is presented. The list incorporates results from examination of museum collections of arctic marine fishes dating back to the 1830s. It also incorporates results from DNA barcoding, used to complement morphological characters in evaluating problematic taxa and to assist in identification of specimens collected in recent expeditions. Barcoding results are depicted in a neighbor-joining tree of 880 CO1 (cytochrome c oxidase 1 gene) sequences distributed among 165 species from the arctic region and adjacent waters, and discussed in the family reviews. Using our definition of the arctic region, we count 242 species with documented presence, if 12 species that likely are synonyms are excluded. The 242 species are distributed among 45 families.Six families in Cottoidei with 72 species and five in Zoarcoidei with 55 species account for more than half (52.5%) the species. This study produced CO1 sequences for 106 of the 242 species. Sequence variability in the barcode region permits discrimination of all species. The average sequence variation within species was 0.3% (range 0-3.5%), while the average genetic distance between congeners was 4.7% (range 3.7-13.3%). The CO1 sequences support taxonomic separation of some species, such as Osmerus dentex and O. mordax and Liparis bathyarcticus and L. gibbus; and synonymy of others, like Myoxocephalus verrucosus in M. scorpius and Gymnelus knipowitschi in G. hemifasciatus. They sometimes revealed the presence of additional species that were not entirely expected, such as an unidentified species of Ammodytes in the western Gulf of Alaska, most likely A. personatus; and an unidentified Icelus species of the I. spatula complex with populations in the western Gulf of Alaska and the northern Bering and Chukchi Seas which could be a new species or a species in synonymy. Reviewing distribution, we found that for 24 species the patterns assigned by authors understated historical presence in the arctic region, and for 12 species they overstated presence. For instance, Hippoglossoides robustus is counted as an arctic-boreal species rather than predominantly boreal, and Artediellus uncinatus as predominantly arctic rather than predominantly boreal. Species with arctic, predominantly arctic, or arctic-boreal distributions composed 41% of the 242 species in the region, and predominantly boreal, boreal, and widely distributed species composed 59%. For some continental shelf species, such as the primarily amphiboreal Eumesogrammus praecisus and Leptoclinus maculatus, distributions appear to reflect changes, including reentry into Arctic seas and reestablishment of continuous ranges, that zoogeographers believe have been going on since the end of land bridge and glacial times. This article belongs to the special issue "Arctic Ocean Diversity Synthesis"Electronic supplementary material The online version of this arti...

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“…Four fish groups were examined (2 species 9 2 fjords): Tyrolerfjord-Arctogadus (TF-Ag, n = 30, N catch = 170) and Boreogadus (TF-Bg, n = 30, N catch = 407); and Dove Bugt-Arctogadus (DB-Ag, n = 30, N catch = 130) and Boreogadus (DB-Bg, n = 20, N catch = 150) ( Table 2). Adult Arctogadus and Boreogadus are readily discriminated by phenotypic characters (Jordan et al 2003), and species-specific genetic markers are developed for identification of larvae and juvenile fishes (Madsen et al 2009). …”

Section: Study Area and Fish Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The genera Arctogadus and Boreogadus are monotypic, i.e. with a single species each (Jordan et al 2003). In the literature, the vernacular names 'Arctic cod', 'Polar cod,' and 'Ice cod' are used interchangeably for these Arctic gadoids (Christiansen 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trophic ecology of sympatric Arctic gadoids, Arctogadus glacialis (Peters, 1872) and Boreogadus saida (Lepechin, 1774), in NE Greenland

et al. 2012

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Two gadoid fishes, Arctogadus glacialis and Boreogadus saida, often coexist (i.e. sympatric) in the fjords and shelf areas of the Arctic seas, where they likely share the same food resources. Diet composition from stomach contents, i.e. frequency of occurrence (FO) and Schoener's index (SI), and stable isotope signatures (d 13 C and d 15 N) in muscle of these sympatric gadoids were examined from two fjords in NE Greenland-Tyrolerfjord (TF, *748N, sill present) and Dove Bugt (DB, *768N, open). Twenty-three prey taxa and categories were identified and both gadoids ate mostly crustaceans. The SI values of 0.64-0.70 indicated possible resource competition, whereas FO differed significantly. A. glacialis fed mainly on the mysid Mysis oculata and other benthic-associated prey, whereas B. saida ate the copepod Metridia longa and other pelagic prey. Both diet and stable isotopes strongly suggest a spatial segregation in feeding habitat, with A. glacialis being associated with the benthic food web (mean d 13 C = -20.81%, d 15 N = 14.92%) and B. saida with the pelagic food web (mean d 13 C = -21.25%, d 15 N = 13.64%). The dietary differences and isotopic signals were highly significant in the secluded TF and less clear in the open DB, where prey and predators may be readily advected from adjacent areas with other trophic conditions. This is the first study on the trophic position of A. glacialis inferred from analyses of stable isotopes. The subtle interaction between the Arctic gadoids should be carefully monitored in the light of ocean warming and ongoing invasions of boreal fishes into the Arctic seas.

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Revision of the Arctic cod genus Arctogadus

Cited by 30 publications

References 9 publications

Clarifying the taxonomic status of Merluccius spp. in the northeastern Pacific: a combined morphological and molecular approach

Clarifying the taxonomic status of Merluccius spp. in the northeastern Pacific: a combined morphological and molecular approach

Biodiversity of arctic marine fishes: taxonomy and zoogeography

Trophic ecology of sympatric Arctic gadoids, Arctogadus glacialis (Peters, 1872) and Boreogadus saida (Lepechin, 1774), in NE Greenland

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