Revision of the late Carboniferous megaflora from the De Lutte-06 well (Twente, the Netherlands), and its stratigraphical implications

Waveren, I.M. van; Abbink, O.A.; Hoof, T.B. van; Cittert, J.H.A. van Konijnenburg van

doi:10.1017/s0016774600023398

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…We placed a caveat on the selection of the fossil with the highest coverage. Fossil prepollen of Potonieisporites D.C.Bhardwaj, a monosaccate type that was produced by walchian conifers, is known from at least as early as the Langsettian (Upper Carboniferous >313–314 Ma) from Scotland [43] while macrofossils of the walchian conifer Hermitia Kerp and Clement-Westerhof are known from at least as early as the Asturian ( = Westphalian D, 308–306 Ma) of the Netherlands [44] . Extant conifer families have fossil records extending from the Triassic [45] , [46] providing an expectation on the ‘upper’ distribution of reasonable S i values.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary Diversification of New Caledonian Araucaria

et al. 2014

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New Caledonia is a global biodiversity hotspot. Hypotheses for its biotic richness suggest either that the island is a ‘museum’ for an old Gondwana biota or alternatively it has developed following relatively recent long distance dispersal and in situ radiation. The conifer genus Araucaria (Araucariaceae) comprises 19 species globally with 13 endemic to this island. With a typically Gondwanan distribution, Araucaria is particularly well suited to testing alternative biogeographic hypotheses concerning the origins of New Caledonian biota. We derived phylogenetic estimates using 11 plastid and rDNA ITS2 sequence data for a complete sampling of Araucaria (including multiple accessions of each of the 13 New Caledonian Araucaria species). In addition, we developed a dataset comprising 4 plastid regions for a wider taxon sample to facilitate fossil based molecular dating. Following statistical analyses to identify a credible and internally consistent set of fossil constraints, divergence times estimated using a Bayesian relaxed clock approach were contrasted with geological scenarios to explore the biogeographic history of Araucaria. The phylogenetic data resolve relationships within Araucariaceae and among the main lineages in Araucaria, but provide limited resolution within the monophyletic New Caledonian species group. Divergence time estimates suggest a Late Cretaceous-Cenozoic radiation of extant Araucaria and a Neogene radiation of the New Caledonian lineage. A molecular timescale for the evolution of Araucariaceae supports a relatively recent radiation, and suggests that earlier (pre-Cenozoic) fossil types assigned to Araucaria may have affinities elsewhere in Araucariaceae. While additional data will be required to adequately resolve relationships among the New Caledonian species, their recent origin is consistent with overwater dispersal following Eocene emersion of New Caledonia but is too old to support a single dispersal from Australia to Norfolk Island for the radiation of the Pacific Araucaria sect. Eutacta clade.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary Diversification of New Caledonian Araucaria

et al. 2014

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“…Seasonally dry floras from coal basins of the central and west-central Pangean equatorial region are often represented by allochthonous elements (transported from outside the habitat of burial and preservation; Condon 1997; Gastaldo and Degges 2007;Gibling et al 2010), though parautochthonous (transported but within the habitat of growth) and in situ assemblages are known (Cridland and Morris 1963;Winston 1983;Mapes and Rothwell 1988;McComas 1988;FalconLang 2006;van Waveren et al 2008;van Hoof et al 2012;Bashforth et al 2014 fig. 10D), perhaps during a change to greater rainfall seasonality at all phases of glacialinterglacial cycles (Cecil 1990;Bashforth et al 2014), and became an increasingly important element of these kinds of assemblages (Galtier et al 1992;Rothwell et al 1997;Hernandez-Castillo et al 2001b;Blake et al 2002;Falcon-Lang et al 2009;Plotnick et al 2009).…”

Section: Dryland Floral Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wetland-Dryland Vegetational Dynamics in the Pennsylvanian Ice Age Tropics

DiMichele¹

2014

International Journal of Plant Sciences

161

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Premise of research. The Late Paleozoic Ice Age was the last extensive pre-Pleistocene ice age. It includes many climate changes of different intensities, permitting examination of many and varied biotic responses. The tropical Pennsylvanian Subperiod, usually visualized as one vast wetland coal forest, in fact also was dominated, periodically, by seasonally dry vegetation that, in turn, covered most of the central and western Pangean supercontinent. Equatorial wetland and dryland biomes oscillated during single glacial-interglacial cycles. This recognition changes understanding of the Coal Age tropics; examination of their spatiotemporal patterns indicates that these vegetation types responded differently to global environmental disturbances and long-term trends and points to potentially different underlying controls on evolutionary histories of their component lineages.Methodology. This study is based on the published literature and on examination of geological exposures and fossil floras, mainly from North America but also from other parts of the world.Pivotal results. Wetlands and seasonally dry habitats were equally part of the Coal Age Pangean tropics. They dominated these landscapes at different times, under different climatic regimes. Wetland vegetation was likely forced into refugia during seasonally dry (subhumid to semiarid) parts of glacial-interglacial cycles; it reemerged/reassembled during wet (humid to perhumid) periods. Seasonally dry vegetation resided permanently in areas of western and central Pangea and in microhabitats within the Central Pangean Mountains. Both floras had lower biodiversity than modern floras in similar habitats. The wetland flora species pool was more phylogenetically disparate than any modern vegetation. In contrast, seasonally dry floras were dominated by seed plants. These biomes responded differently to acute environmental changes and chronic long-term aridification.Conclusions. From ecological or evolutionary perspectives, the present-day world is but one possibility. Lower-diversity worlds such as the late Paleozoic, with a rich spectrum of environmental variations, offer insights into relationships between organisms and environments that expand understanding of these phenomena and enlarge our sense of what is possible or probable as we look to the future.

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“…This formation consists of a succession of reddish brown to grey-green, silty to very fine-grained sandy mudstones intercalated with light grey, white and pink fine to medium grained sandstones, and are informally referred to as the Barren Measures as coal seams are thin and rare (Van der Meer & Pagnier, 1996). A discrepancy that existed between the palynological and palaeobotanical age-interpretation of this well (Van Amerom, 1996;Van de Laar & Van der Zwan, 1996) has been resolved and it now seems that the bulk of the formation is early Stephanian in age (Van Hoof et al, 2007;Van Waveren et al, 2008). The soil types found are seat earths or gleys, ferralic soils, immature calcic soils and mature calcic soils (Van der Meer & Pagnier, 1996;Van der Zwan et al, 1993).…”

Section: Limburg (Tb Van Hoof Oa Abbink and Im Van Waveren)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This flora is comparable to Stephanian palynofloras, whereas the palaeobotanical interpretation suggested an Asturian association (Van Amerom, 1996). This controversy has recently been resolved by a re-investigation of both the palaeobotany and palynology, suggesting a Stephanian age for these deposits (Van Hoof et al, 2007;Van Waveren et al, 2008).…”

Section: Limburg Basinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Moscovian terrestrial biotas and palaeoenvironments of Variscan Euramerica

Cleal

Opluštil

Thomas

et al. 2009

Netherlands Journal of Geosciences

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IMPF: 00.66A synthesis of the upper Moscovian sedimentotogical and palaeontological record of terrestrial habitats across the Variscan foreland and adjacent intramontane basins (an area which is referred to here as Variscan Euramerica) suggests a contraction and progressive westward shift of the coal swamps. These changes can be correlated with pulses of tectonic activity (tectonic phases) resulting from the northwards migration of the Variscan Front. This tectonic activity caused disruption to the landscapes and drainage patterns where the coat swamps were growing, which became less suitable to growth of the dominant plants of the swamps, the arborescent lycopsids. They were progressively replaced by vegetation dominated by marattialean ferns, which through a combination of slower growth and larger canopies resulted in less evapo-transpiration. This in turn caused localised reductions in rainfall, which further affected the ability of the lycopsids to dominate the swamp vegetation. These changes were initially localised and where the coat swamps were able to survive the lycopsids and pteridosperms show little change in either species diversity or biogeography, indicating that at this time there was minimal regional-scale climate change taking place. By Asturian times, however, the process had accelerated and the swamps in Variscan Euramerica became progressively replaced by predominantly conifer and cordaite vegetation that favoured much drier substrates. Except in localised pockets in intramontane basins of the Variscan Mountains, the last development of coat swamps in Variscan Euramerica was of early Cantabrian age. Further west, lycopsid-dominated coal swamps persisted for a little longer. The last remnants of the lycopsid-dominated coal swamps in the Illinois Basin disappeared probably by middle-late Cantabrian times, as the cycle of contracting wetlands and regional reductions in rainfall generated its own momentum, and no longer needed the impetus of tectonic instability. This tectonically-driven decline in the Euramerican coal swamps was probably responsible for an annual increase in atmospheric CO2 of c. 0.37 ppm, and may have been implicated in the marked increase in global temperatures near the Moscovian - Kasimovian boundary, and the onset of the Late Pennsylvanian interglacial.Peer reviewe

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Revision of the late Carboniferous megaflora from the De Lutte-06 well (Twente, the Netherlands), and its stratigraphical implications

Cited by 6 publications

References 22 publications

Evolutionary Diversification of New Caledonian Araucaria

Evolutionary Diversification of New Caledonian Araucaria

Wetland-Dryland Vegetational Dynamics in the Pennsylvanian Ice Age Tropics

Late Moscovian terrestrial biotas and palaeoenvironments of Variscan Euramerica

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