Revision of the southern Andean genus Sadocus Sørensen, 1886 (Opiliones, Gonyleptidae, Pachylinae)

Abstract

Species of the genus Sadocus Sørensen, 1886 are conspicuous gonyleptids that occur in Chile and Argentina. Here, the genus is revised for the first time and the cladistic analysis based on morphological characters does not corroborate its monophyly unless a phylogenetically unrelated species is excluded (explained further on). A new classification is proposed for the seven species left in the genus and considered valid, of the 13 nominal species previously recognized. Two out of the seven valid species are considered as species inquirendae: Sadocus allermayeri (Mello-Leitão, 1945) [= Carampangue allermayeri Mello-Leitão, 1945] and Sadocus nigronotatus (Mello-Leitão, 1943) [= Carampangue nigronotatum Mello-Leitão, 1943]. The following synonymies are proposed: Sadocus bicornis (Gervais, 1849) [original combination = Gonyleptes bicornis Gervais, 1849] is a junior synonym of Sadocus asperatus (Gervais, 1847) [= Gonyleptes asperatus Gervais, 1847]; Sadocus conspicillatus Roewer, 1913, Sadocus exceptionalis (Mello-Leitão, 1946) [= Araucanoleptes exceptionalis Mello-Leitão, 1946] and Sadocus guttatus Sørensen, 1902 are junior synonyms of the valid name Sadocus polyacanthus (Gervais, 1847) [= Gonyleptes polyacanthus Gervais, 1847]; and Sadocus calcar (Roewer, 1913) [= Lycomedes calcar Roewer, 1913] is a junior synonym of the valid name Gonyleptes horridus Kirby, 1819. Sadocus brasiliensis Soares & Soares, 1949 is not congeneric with Argentinean/Chilean species of the genus according to the cladistic analysis and is here synonymized with Discocyrtus catharinensis (Mello-Leitão, 1923 [= Sadocus catharinensis Mello-Leitão, 1923]).

Harvestmen in the semiarid: a new genus and three new species of Pachylinae (Opiliones: Gonyleptidae) from Caatinga dry vegetation, with a cladistic analysis

“…After the revision that also performed a cladistic analysis, all those characters did not corroborate those genera, and they were synonymized with Eusarcus, which has a typical penile pattern. Another example would be Sadocus Sørensen, 1886, recently revised by Pessoa-Silva et al (2021) where Carampangue Mello-Leitão, 1937 and Sadocus differed from each other mainly by the number of scute areas, the former bearing three, while the latter had four. Kury (2003) noted their similarity, and propose their synonymization, that proved to be right later on.…”

“…These researchers together described over 3000 harvestmen species, prominently from the Neotropics (Tourinho and Kury 2015). Currently, the description rate continues to be substantial, with many new species being cataloged and with numerous group revisions occurring (DaSilva and Gnaspini 2010;DaSilva and Pinto-da-Rocha 2010;Hara and Pinto-da-Rocha 2010;Mendes 2011;Pinto-da-Rocha and Bragagnolo 2013;Villarreal et al 2019;Carvalho and Kury 2021;Pessoa-Silva et al 2021). These high diversity rates are associated with particular traits of the order, such as a high degree of endemism, restricted distribution, dependence on humid habitats, and low resistance to desiccation, which makes populations much more prone to diversification events over time (DaSilva et al 2015;Derkarabetian et al 2021).…”

Systematic revision and total evidence phylogenetic analysis of the Andean family Metasarcidae Kury, 1994 (Opiliones: Laniatores), with description of two new genera and twenty new species

“…Macrosetae C polymorphism has been recorded (e.g. Pinto-da-Rocha et al 2012;Hara et al 2014;Pessoa-Silva et al 2021). Therefore, when there is a discrepancy, it was decided to place the polymorphism in parentheses.…”

Opiliones Laniatores (Arachnida) de Manquemapu, cordillera de la costa de Purranque, Región de Los Lagos, Chile

“…Distribución. La especie ha sido reportada en las regiones de La Araucanía y de Los Ríos (Pessoa-Silva et al 2021). El presente registro extiende su distribución hasta la Región de Los Lagos, más de 100 km hacia el sur.…”