Revision of the stick insect genus Clitarchus Stål (Phasmatodea: Phasmatidae): new synonymies and two new species from northern New Zealand

Buckley, Thomas R.; Myers, Shelley S.; Bradler, Sven

doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3900.4.1

Cited by 13 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…n the reduction of tergal thorn pads has been compensated by the acquisition of the specialized cerci, that together with the vomer form the male clasping organs of this species. The structure of male terminalia has been described here in detail for the first time in Orthomeria , and for future studies these characters may represent important diagnostic features of males of species of this genus, as also exemplified in other euphasmatodean taxa by Bradler (2009) and Buckley et al (2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

A black-and-red stick insect from the Philippines – observations on the external anatomy and natural history of a new species of Orthomeria

Vallotto¹,

Bresseel²,

Heitzmann³

et al. 2016

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A new stick insect of the genus Orthomeria Kirby, 1904 (Phasmatodea, Aschiphasmatidae) is described from the Philippines. Orthomeria (Orthomeria) kangi sp. n. is readily distinguished from all other congeners by the distinctive blood red colouration of the costal region of the hind wings. Major features of the external morphology of adults, eggs, and first-instar nymphs are illustrated. Locomotory attachment pads are of the smooth type with irregular microgrooves on the contact surface. An unusual condition of male terminalia is the absence of tergal thorn pads on segment 10. The male clasping organs are represented by an elongated vomer terminating in a prominent spine, and by incurved cerci featuring a bilobed apex equipped with a sharp blade-like ridge. Intraspecific variation in body colouration and hind wing length occurs in females. The new species lives at 400-650 m elevation in the surroundings of the Sablang and Tuba regions, in the Benguet Province of Luzon island. Host plants include Ficus spp. (Moraceae), and Pipturus spp. and Leucosyke spp. (Urticaceae). Observations on the mating and defensive behaviour are presented. Orthomeria (Orthomeria) catadromus (Westwood, 1859) is recognised as a junior synonym of Orthomeria (Orthomeria) pandora (Westwood, 1859), syn. n. A lectotype is designated for both species. Finally, an updated identification key to the species of the subgenus Orthomeria is provided.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

A black-and-red stick insect from the Philippines – observations on the external anatomy and natural history of a new species of Orthomeria

Vallotto¹,

Bresseel²,

Heitzmann³

et al. 2016

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“…Different aspects of an organism's biology contribute to defining species and without such considerations taxonomic decisions can be prone to error. Following the conventional approach of systematic entomology, Clitarchus species have been defined on a morphological basis; the two allopatric populations are both regarded as C. tepaki (Buckley et al ., ). This definition fits well with Coyne & Orr's () perspective that allopatric taxa should be considered the same species unless this integrity is challenged by secondary contact, which has not occurred between the two allopatric C. tepaki populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The stick insect genus Clitarchus Stål is comprised of three species: Clitarchus rakauwhakanekeneke Buckley, Myers and Bradler, found on the Poor Knights Islands (Buckley et al ., ) ; C. tepaki Buckley, Myers and Bradler, which is restricted to the tips of New Zealand's most northern peninsulas (Aupouri Peninsula and Karikari Peninsula, Fig. ) (Buckley et al ., , ); and Clitarchus hookeri White, found throughout the North Island, south of the Aupouri and Karikari peninsulas, and parts of the South Island (Buckley et al ., , ; Morgan‐Richards et al ., ). Clitarchus tepaki was recently described on the basis of male and female genitalia, where this species has enlarged genital claspers compared with C. hookeri (Buckley et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…) (Buckley et al ., , ); and Clitarchus hookeri White, found throughout the North Island, south of the Aupouri and Karikari peninsulas, and parts of the South Island (Buckley et al ., , ; Morgan‐Richards et al ., ). Clitarchus tepaki was recently described on the basis of male and female genitalia, where this species has enlarged genital claspers compared with C. hookeri (Buckley et al ., ). Male clasper morphology is important in stick insect classification as this organ is directly involved in mate recognition (Myers et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic and morphometric data demonstrate alternative consequences of secondary contact inClitarchusstick insects

Myers

Holwell

Buckley

2017

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim Comparisons of independent secondary contact events provide insights into allopatric speciation. The geographic distribution of Clitarchus stick insects across northern New Zealand corresponds to islands that existed in the Pliocene. Subsequent joining to the mainland provided multiple opportunities for secondary contact. We address the hypothesis that secondary contact has similar effects on parental species, across two peninsulas, due to the simultaneous removal of allopatric barriers. Location Northland, New Zealand Methods We explore how genetic structure relates to morphological variation and biogeographical history of Clitarchus hookeri and C. tepaki. Mitochondrial DNA sequences were used to reconstruct phylogenetical relationships. Population structure was estimated using 14 microsatellite markers. We analysed genital morphology and genetic structure within a biogeographical context to identify the consequences of independent secondary contact events. Results Geographical patterns of genital shape indicate two independent hybrid swarms occur between C. hookeri and C. tepaki. Haplotype distributions and Bayesian cluster analyses reveal C. tepaki from the Aupouri Peninsula are distinguished from C. hookeri on the basis of both genetic structure and morphology. Clitarchus tepaki on the Karikari Peninsula did not group phylogenetically or through Bayesian clustering with C. tepaki from the Aupouri Peninsula. We observed a hybrid swarm along the Aupouri Peninsula. Main conclusions Clitarchus species were separated on Pliocene islands and then subsequently made independent secondary contact as land connections formed. Clitarchus tepaki on the Aupouri Peninsula maintained genetic integrity; whereas we hypothesize genetic swamping has occurred on Karikari Peninsula. Our data demonstrate different outcomes of independent secondary contact events.

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“…; Buckley & Bradler ; Gottardo ; Buckley et al. ) as well as in phylogenetic and evolutionary research (Bradler , ; Wedmann et al. ; Buckley et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology of the terminalia of the stick insect Dajaca napolovi from Vietnam (Insecta: Phasmatodea)

Vallotto

Bresseel

Constant

et al. 2016

Entomological Science

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Aschiphasmatinae is a small group of stick insects from the Oriental region whose genital morphology has been rarely described in detail. The subfamily is of particular interest, as phylogenetic studies have shown Aschiphasmatinae to be the sister group to the remaining Euphasmatodea. In this paper, the male and female terminalia are described for the first time in Dajaca napolovi Brock, a little known aschiphasmatine species from Vietnam. In the male, the transversally undivided abdominal sternum IX and gently incurved cerci with a conspicuous apical tooth represent apomorphies of Aschiphasmatinae. Thorn pads on the hind margin of abdominal tergum X consist of only a single row of 6–7 ventrally oriented teeth. The simple thorn pad structure of Aschiphasmatinae can represent an ancestral condition for Euphasmatodea. The vomer on venter X is well‐developed and features two unusually large basal apodemes and a strongly developed apical spine showing a specialized streaked surface micropattern. Female terminalia are characterized by an unkeeled abdominal sternum VIII covering the reduced primary ovipositor. Gonapophysis VIII does not extend beyond the tip of gonapophysis IX. An asymmetry concerning the size of the paired gonapophyses is reported for the first time in Phasmatodea.

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Revision of the stick insect genus Clitarchus Stål (Phasmatodea: Phasmatidae): new synonymies and two new species from northern New Zealand

Cited by 13 publications

References 38 publications

A black-and-red stick insect from the Philippines – observations on the external anatomy and natural history of a new species of Orthomeria

A black-and-red stick insect from the Philippines – observations on the external anatomy and natural history of a new species of Orthomeria

Genetic and morphometric data demonstrate alternative consequences of secondary contact inClitarchusstick insects

Morphology of the terminalia of the stick insect Dajaca napolovi from Vietnam (Insecta: Phasmatodea)

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