“…Existing studies tend to interpret the meaning of self-help books, and then impute the supposed impact of those books on those who read them. There are some exceptions to this pattern; existing works that have undertaken original research with actual readers of self-help literature include Barker, 2002;Bruneau, Bubenzer, & McGlothlin, 2010;Gabriel & Forest, 2004;Grodin, 1991;Knudson, 2013;Lichterman, 1992;Ogles, Craig, & Lambert, 1991;Scholz & Forest, 1997;and Simonds, 1992. When it comes to exploring gender differences, the gap between theoretical interest and research involving self-help readers is even wider. Of the nine works identified above as having undertaken direct research with self-help readers, five were conducted exclusively with female participants (Barker, 2002;Bruneau, Bubenzer, & McGlothlin, 2010;Grodin, 1991;Scholz & Forest, 1997;and Simonds, 1992).…”