Revisit the correlates of infant mortality in Bangladesh: findings from two nationwide cross-sectional studies

Abstract

ObjectiveThe main objective of this study is to investigate how the direction and strength of the association between infant mortality and its predictors are changing over time in Bangladesh using a nationally representative sample for the period 2011–2014.Design, setting and participantsData from two repeatedly cross-sectional Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys (BDHSs) for the years 2011 and 2014 were used. A total of 7664 (with 312 infant death) and 7048 (with 264 infant death) complete cases, respectively, from BDHS 2011 and 2014 datasets were included in the study.MethodsCox’s proportional hazard model with robust standard error (SE) that adjusts for the complex survey design characteristics was implemented to assess how the risk factors associated with infant mortality change their paths.ResultsResults reflected that administrative division remained as a potential risk factor of infant death for both periods. Household’s socioeconomic status, father’s employment status, age difference between parents turned out to be potential risk factors in 2014, though they did not show any significant association with infant death in the year 2011. In contrast to 2011, mothers’ individual-level characteristics such as age at childbirth, education, media exposure, employment status did not remain as significant risk factors for infant death in 2014. Younger fathers increased the burden of death among infants of adolescent mothers. At higher order births, the burden of infant death significantly shifted from rural to urban areas. From the year 2011 to 2014, urban areas achieved socioeconomic equity in infant survival, while the extent of inequity was increased in rural areas.ConclusionCommunity-based programmes should be designed for urban mothers who are expecting higher order births. To eradicate the socioeconomic inequity in infant survival, the government should design strong and sustainable maternal and child healthcare facilities, especially for rural areas.

Knowledge, Attitude, Practices, and Determinants of Them towards Tuberculosis in Bangladesh: A Cross-sectional Study

“…We did so to recheck the association between socio-demographic factors and knowledge of the respondents and their practice and attitude towards TB. The adjusted odds ratios (AOR) were also calculated using multivariate logistic regressions [24,25] with a 95% confidence interval (CI). All the analyses were done by using the Statistical package STATA version 16.0.…”

Rural–urban differentials in the influences of individual and geospatial preparedness on institutional childbirth: a cross-sectional study in Bangladesh

“…Considering that institutional births help improve infant survival, this study also justifies the findings of previous literature showing evidence of socioeconomic equity in infant survival in urban areas, while inequity was prominent in rural areas. 55 …”

“…Considering that institutional births help improve infant survival, this study also justifies the findings of previous literature showing evidence of socioeconomic equity in infant survival in urban areas, while inequity was prominent in rural areas. 55 District-level preparedness influences prevalence of institutional childbirth Along with women's individual-level and household-level factors, geographical characteristics can also influence healthcare-seeking behaviours. 56 Findings show that in both rural and urban settings, about 8%-9% of the variability in the choice of birth-giving place is attributable to the geospatial preparedness for facility births.…”

Exploring the influencing factors for infant mortality: a mixed-method study of 24 developing countries based on demographic and health survey data

“…The infant mortality rate in Bangladesh was 38 for every 1,000 live births in 2014, though it was 43 and 52 in 2011 and 2007, respectively [25]. Like other low and middle-income countries, in Bangladesh, child survival and physical condition have improved in recent years [26,27]. However, there are still various significant triggering factors influencing infant mortality in Bangladesh to keep it above average.…”

“…However, there are still various significant triggering factors influencing infant mortality in Bangladesh to keep it above average. Among these factors, socio-economic inequalities are the primary cause of this high rate in Bangladesh [27,28]. Along with this, in developing countries, socio-economic condition and health-related factors such as place of residence, education level of parents, wealth index, maternal age at delivery, birth order number, child's size, antenatal care utilisation, birth weight, type of infant nutrition, status of breastfeeding, delivery assistance and many more factors are found to be responsible for the likelihood of infant death [8,[29][30][31][32][33][34][35].…”