“…Kates and Pijawka (1977) proposed a four-phased sequential description for recovery, which included an 'emergency', 'restoration', 'replacement and reconstruction', and a 'commemorative, betterment, and developmental reconstruction' period. Even though their model has been referenced and used in several publications (Hill and Keys-Mathews, 2005;Kates et al, 2006;Platt and So, 2017), it has some flaws (Sobhaninia and Buckman, 2022;Rubin, 2009). Sobhaninia & Buckman, (2022) always consecutive for all communities, as well as pre-disaster vulnerability and equity and their impact on recovery.…”