In
this study, a comprehensive theoretical analysis was undertaken
to elucidate the remarkably efficient conversion of CO2 into HCOO– employing a coordination polymer featuring
Pb–S bonds, namely [Pb(tadt)]
n
(where
tadt stands for 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2,5-dithiolate), referred to as
KGF-9. The catalytic activity of this visible-light responsive solid
photocatalyst has been carefully compared with that of PbS, a typical
compound that also contains the Pb–S bond. The former shows
a very high catalytic activity, while the latter shows almost no activity.
The photoreduction process of CO2 on the KGF-9 surface
was analyzed in detail using periodic density functional theory calculations.
The reduced catalyst surface was modeled as a hydrogenated surface.
The reaction at the active center of a formate dehydrogenase provides
an interesting contrast, suggesting that the S–H group plays
an important role in the conversion of CO2 to HCOO–. However, the S–H group on the reduced PbS
surface does not facilitate the conversion to the same extent as KGF-9.
This is because the electrons supplied to CO2 on the PbS
surface come from deep within the solid, whereas on KGF-9, they come
from the top surface. This difference is due to differences in the
electronic structure of the S–H bond, band gap, and valence
band maximum position between the two surfaces, accounting for the
marked difference in their catalytic activity. These insights are
consistent with experimental and computational results on the thermodynamic
and kinetic characteristics of the CO2 reduction reaction
of KGF-9 and PbS, and provide guidance for the design of CO2 photoreduction catalysts.