Revisiting Japan’s Cultural Diplomacy: A Critique of the Agent-Level Approach to Japan’s Soft Power

Bukh, Alexander

doi:10.1353/apr.2014.0019

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Ini memiliki banyak perwujudan tetapi umumnya dibagi menjadi budaya tinggi, seperti sastra dan pendidikan, dan budaya populer seperti musik dan televisi. Bukh (2014) mengatakan bahwa Jepang menjadi salah satu pengguna soft power yang paling diperdebatkan sepanjang tahun 2000-an. Kemampuan Jepang untuk menarik orang lain melalui sumber daya budayanya -yaitu, budaya soft power -menjadi fokus utama para akademisi dan pembuat kebijakan Jepang.…”

Section: Dataunclassified

Religious Content in Anime “Enen no Shouboutai”

Janto

Ong²

2021

Japanese Education

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As more and more religious content appears in anime, the actual meaning of its use in anime may be different. This phenomenon is known as religious cosmetics introduced by Jolyon Baraka Thomas. Religious cosmetics introduces the term religious vocabulary and religious imagery. This study focuses on analyzing religious vocabulary, and aims to prove whether the Shinto religious vocabularies that appears in the anime Enen no Shouboutai season 1 (2019) are religious cosmetics. The method used in this study is qualitative descriptive. The use of words in the anime Enen no Shouboutaiseason 1 will be compared with the meaning of the vocabulary from the Shinto religious dictionary compiled by Brian Bocking. The results showed that there are eighteen data of religious vocabularies that appear in anime Enen no Shouboutai season 1, which can be divided into five categories, namely (1) ‘amaterasu’, (2) ‘kami’, (3) ‘matsuri’, (4) ‘oni’, and (5) ‘sake’. However, among those five categories appeared throughout the series, four were found as Shinto religious vocabularies which used as religious cosmetics while one category (3) ‘matsuri’ was not used as religious cosmetics. The reason is because the meaning and the use of the word is getting wider, not only used in Shinto related topics, but also in daily life generally.

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Section: Dataunclassified

Religious Content in Anime “Enen no Shouboutai”

Janto

Ong²

2021

Japanese Education

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“…While the shift from defensive modernization to offensive cultural exports indicate self-confidence, the international reception of neo-Ottomanism and Cool Japan can be "offensive" in another sense as Turkish and Japanese imperial pasts rest on centuries-old conflicts and hostilities, and ironically create challenges for the "soft power" they seek. 38 The sustainability of their overall cultural impacts and their fates as diplomatic tools in the future remain open questions.…”

Section: Modernity and Culture In Turkeymentioning

confidence: 99%

Neo-Ottomanism and Cool Japan in comparative perspective

Ergin

Shinohara

2021

New Perspect. Turk.

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Turkey and Japan have comparable histories of modernization beginning in the nineteenth century. They have since then produced modernities that are considered a mix of “Eastern” and “Western.” Over recent decades, both faced the question of what comes after modernity and began manufacturing their versions of authenticities and cultural exports. This paper comparatively locates two symptoms of this process. “Neo-Ottomanism” refers to the increasing cultural consumption of Turkey’s imperial past while “Cool Japan” emphasizes popular products in entertainment, fashion, youth culture, and food, intending to shift Japan’s image to a “cool” place. Both projects, in different ways, are sponsored by the state; yet their reception in popular culture illustrates the vexed relationship between the state and culture: while states endeavor to colonize culture for their own interests, popular culture provides avenues to outwit the state’s attempts. Popular culture’s autonomy in both contexts has to do with the collapse of traditional hierarchies, which has paved the ways for the promotion and export of new identity claims. Local and global representations of neo-Ottomanism and Cool Japan differ. Internally, they are fragmented; externally, they are linked to international “soft power,” and offer alternatives modernities in Turkey and Japan’s regional areas of influence.

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“…This said, there have been attempts to conceptualize soft power in various ways. For example, Mattern (2005) has modelled attraction as a relationship constructed through representational force and Bukh (2014) argues against the idea that skillfully crafted policy utilizing cultural artefacts enhance Japan's soft power, instead arguing that cultural diplomacy reflects discursively constructed national identities to a large degree shaped by international ideational structures. Hagström (2015b) has used the idea of "abnormality" and "normality" and the desire for status as drivers in international politics to analyze Japan's ongoing remilitarization.…”

Section: The Limitations Of Soft Power In Research On East Asiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Capturing Power Shift in East Asia: Toward an Analytical Framework for Understanding “Soft Power”

Weissmann¹

2020

Asian Perspective

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Mainstream International Relations (IR) theory has problems fully accounting for the regional dynamics of East Asia. This article explores whether the pursuit of soft power-a concept that has been given a prominent position in research on East Asian IR-can provide one piece of the puzzle for understanding East Asia's regional dynamics. This article proposes an analytical framework for analyzing soft power that problematizes the rigid soft power/hard power binary. The framework proposes a way to understand soft power and the hard-soft spectrum of behavior that allows for the inclusion of economic power while still drawing a line between hard and soft power, where not all economic power is soft, but nor is it all hard. It is argued that to keep the concept of soft power relevant in the East Asian context economic power needs to be included. The line is drawn between economic coercion and economic inducement, arguing that when induced there is still a certain level of freedom as one can choose whether the payments or bribes offered are good enough for it to be worthwhile to change one's preference and behavior. Coercion, in contrast, utilizes a different dynamic where the point is to force someone to do something they are unwilling to do.

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Revisiting Japan’s Cultural Diplomacy: A Critique of the Agent-Level Approach to Japan’s Soft Power

Cited by 17 publications

References 35 publications

Religious Content in Anime “Enen no Shouboutai”

Religious Content in Anime “Enen no Shouboutai”

Neo-Ottomanism and Cool Japan in comparative perspective

Capturing Power Shift in East Asia: Toward an Analytical Framework for Understanding “Soft Power”

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