Revisiting Labor Market Regulations in the Middle East and North Africa

Abstract

Some rights reservedThis work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.Nothing herein shall constitute or be considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved.

Why Is Tunisia’s Unemployment So High? Evidence From Policy Factors

“…EPL protects workers from firing and gives insurance against dismissal, especially in the presence of financial market imperfections (Pissarides, 2010). It can also help managers invest in human capital and thus enhance firm productivity (Hatayama, 2022). However, when it is excessive, EPL can limit employers' ability to efficiently adjust the workforce, thereby causing labor market distortions.…”

Exploring the moderating effects of perceived alternative job opportunities and work experience on the relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intentions: A study among educators in Lebanon

“…Employee turnover in low-income economies like Lebanon has become a prominent topic in the labor law literature (Hatayama, 2022). Employee turnover poses a significant threat to achieving organizational goals (Robbins & Judge, 2017).…”

“…Even before the COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent economic downturn, the Middle East and North Africa region was dealing with persistent labor market issues. This pre-existing context further complicates the labor market dynamics in Lebanon, particularly affecting sectors such as education (Hatayama, 2022).…”