Revisiting major earthquakes in Pakistan

Mahmood, Irfan; Kidwai, Aqeel Ahmed; Qureshi, Shahid Nadeem; Iqbal, Muhammad Farooq; Atique, Luqman

doi:10.1111/gto.12085

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Consequently, some areas can remain isolated for days or weeks. For example, the Jhelum Valley in Pakistan after the 2005 Kashmir earthquake (Petley et al, 2006;Owen et al, 2008;Mahmood et al, 2015) and the Rasuwa and Upper Bhote Kosi valleys after the 2015 Nepal earthquakes were left isolated by landsliding, leaving the status of thousands of households largely unknown as the wider response effort gained pace.…”

Section: What Limits the Time Needed To Produce A Useful Landslide Asmentioning

confidence: 99%

Satellite-based emergency mapping using optical imagery: experience and reflections from the 2015 Nepal earthquakes

Williams

Rosser

Kincey

et al. 2018

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Landslides triggered by large earthquakes in mountainous regions contribute significantly to overall earthquake losses and pose a major secondary hazard that can persist for months or years. While scientific investigations of coseismic landsliding are increasingly common, there is no protocol for rapid (hours-to-days) humanitarian-facing landslide assessment and no published recognition of what is possible and what is useful to compile immediately after the event. Drawing on the 2015 M w 7.8 Gorkha earthquake in Nepal, we consider how quickly a landslide assessment based upon manual satellite-based emergency mapping (SEM) can be realistically achieved and review the decisions taken by analysts to ascertain the timeliness and type of useful information that can be generated. We find that, at present, many forms of landslide assessment are too slow to generate relative to the speed of a humanitarian response, despite increasingly rapid access to high-quality imagery. Importantly, the value of information on landslides evolves rapidly as a disaster response develops, so identifying the purpose, timescales, and end users of a post-earthquake landslide assessment is essential to inform the approach taken. It is clear that discussions are needed on the form and timing of landslide assessments, and how best to present and share this information, before rather than after an earthquake strikes. In this paper, we share the lessons learned from the Gorkha earthquake, with the aim of informing the approach taken by scientists to understand the evolving landslide hazard in future events and the expectations of the humanitarian community involved in disaster response.

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Section: What Limits the Time Needed To Produce A Useful Landslide Asmentioning

confidence: 99%

Satellite-based emergency mapping using optical imagery: experience and reflections from the 2015 Nepal earthquakes

Williams

Rosser

Kincey

et al. 2018

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…It is located in the intersection of three plate boundaries namely Indian, Eurasian and Arabian. In the southern region, subduction zone exists along Makran coast [1]. Makran plate boundary is a zone of wide deformation in southwestern Pakistan and southeastern Iran (Figure 1b).…”

Section: Tectonics Of the Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to compression from Arabian plate, east-west directional structural trend is present in Makran zone and Chagai arc. It is subducting at a rate of 19.5 mm/yr with a subduction angle ranging from 2 o to 8 o [1]. Makran mega thrust was ruptured by a M w 8.0 earthquake in 1945.…”

Section: Tectonics Of the Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chaman and Ornach-Nal faults that are left lateral strike slip faults govern the colliding Indian and Eurasian Plate tectonics. Chaman fault comprises of four segments; Active fault, Chaman fault zone, Chaman fault system, Chaman Transform Boundary [1]. Tectonics and structural style of Ziarat area is governed by 1300 Km long Sulaiman lobe, Chaman fault and Sibi trough.…”

Section: Tectonics Of the Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Awaran earthquake with a magnitude of 7.7 M w occurred on 24th September, 2013 [1] ( Fig. 1 a,b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Investigation of 2013 M<sub>w</sub> 7.7 Awaran Earthquake, Pakistan

Mahmood

Iqbal

Mughal

et al. 2017

ILNS

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Abstract. Earthquake is a major disaster responsible for vast losses both life and infrastructure. Pakistan is one of the highly earthquake prone areas in Asia. The present study is carried out to investigate the dynamics of disastrous Awaran earthquake. The 2013 Mw 7.7 Awaran earthquake and its Mw 6.8 aftershock caused numerous loss of lives and vast infrastructure damages. The earthquake triggered along Hoshab fault rupturing 230 km of the fault. The rupture propagated at 3 Km/s on average and was concentrated in top 10 km with no major displacement in the underlying decollement. The rupture released a cumulative moment of 5.4 x 1020 Nm. This study reveals that although Hoshab fault originated as thrust fault, the slip was purely strike slip during the earthquake and that the rigid block rotation of southeastern Makran is responsible for the Awaran earthquake. The study concludes that the earthquake significantly increased the coulomb stress on Makran mega thrust and strike slip faults in Chaman fault system, hence increasing the risk of a major seismic event. Therefore, in order to prevent major loss of lives and infrastructure damages; designing of new building codes, reassessing the seismic hazard of the region and marking of hidden faults is of utmost importance.

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