Revisiting self-regulatory techniques to promote physical activity in older adults: null-findings from a randomised controlled trial

Warner, Lisa M.; Wolff, Julia K.; Ziegelmann, Jochen P.; Schwarzer, Ralf; Wurm, Susanne

doi:10.1080/08870446.2016.1185523

Cited by 38 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Michie, Abraham, Whittington, McAteer and Gupta (2009) found techniques such as self-monitoring, prompting intention formation, goal setting, and feedback to be most effective in promoting PA. For French, Olander, Chisholm and McSharry (2014), however, self-monitoring and goal setting were shown to be less effective. Similar findings were shared recently by Warner, Wolff, Ziegelmann, Schwarzer and Wurm (2016) who found participants to not engage in planning and self-monitoring. With regards to the quantity of techniques, it has been found that interventions including more than one technique are more effective than those utilising just one strategy (Gilinksky et al, 2015;Michie et al, 2009;Williams & French, 2011).…”

Section: Effective 'Behavioural' Techniquessupporting

confidence: 71%

Untitled

2017

JPES

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Abstract:Interventions promoting various health enhancing behaviours such as physical activity and exercise have tended to lack the rigorous use of theory in both their design and implementation. The purpose of this review paper is to outline the stages involved in the development of a theory-based intervention. The paper highlights how the field has evolved to meet its ultimate goal; a solid scientific base. Steps including theory use, intervention techniques and technique taxonomies are outlined. The paper also addresses various considerations that have to be taken into account for valid interventions to be achieved. Key words: interventions; promotion; exercise. A 'theoretical' approach to behaviour changeUnderpinning behaviour change interventions with a theoretical base significantly improves the effectiveness of such interventions in comparison to those that do not utilise theory to inform intervention design (Taylor, Conner, & Lawton, 2012). As such, interventions should be developed using theoretical insights from behavioural psychology. Atheoretical interventions tend to focus on the techniques to be utilised whereas theoretical approaches initially target the processes involved in change and then identify suitable techniques to achieve the change (Gourlan et al., 2015). When processes are highlighted using non-theoretical designs, an intuitive or 'logical' approach is taken to identify potential targets (i.e., the group lack sufficient efficacy beliefs to engage in exercise). Although appropriate determinants should be identified prior to intervention development, the selection and application of theory to achieve this feat is challenging for those within health psychology. In addition to theory selection, there are several other considerations that must be accounted for to develop and undertake a sound scientific intervention. Taking into account the number of limitations encountered within each consideration, the striving for a science of behaviour change is rather difficult. The purpose of this article is to provide a summary of the scientific approach to changing health behaviours, such as physical activity (PA) and exercise. The paper will first highlight the various stages involved in the development and evaluation of a behaviour change intervention. Problems addressed within these stages will then be discussed. It is hoped that this commentary will provide an insight into how to develop and deliver effective theory-based interventions to promote health enhancing behaviours.

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Section: Effective 'Behavioural' Techniquessupporting

confidence: 71%

Untitled

2017

JPES

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“…While high profile studies and reviews report that social contact and support were important facilitators of participation in PA, particularly relevant to ageing populations [66,73,74,77], we were not able to confirm this effect with certainty. Indeed, a strategy involving planning of social support seemed counter-effective in promoting PA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…Our findings support the conclusions drawn by French and co-authors [35], who additionally ponder if self-regulatory BCTs may be too complex in circumstances of declining functioning. A recent large RCT examined the questionable benefits of self-regulatory techniques [77] and proposed ways of personalising interventions to the ageing population needs by mapping specific BCTs onto the physical capabilities and utilising a more flexible approach. Warner et al [77] argue that it might be appropriate to decrease the cognitive burden of self-regulatory tasks and emphasise physical activities as opportunities to experience positive affect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent large RCT examined the questionable benefits of self-regulatory techniques [77] and proposed ways of personalising interventions to the ageing population needs by mapping specific BCTs onto the physical capabilities and utilising a more flexible approach. Warner et al [77] argue that it might be appropriate to decrease the cognitive burden of self-regulatory tasks and emphasise physical activities as opportunities to experience positive affect. It is important to highlight that tailored BCTs are more likely to meet personal needs and respond more accurately to the individual’s position in the behaviour change cycle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although in this review we were not able to assess the indicated positive influence of environmental determinants, other literature provides more support of this notion [19,79], including systematic reviews highlighting the importance of the environment for the uptake and maintenance of PA in ageing population [74,78]. Alongside social support and enabling environmental factors, literature tends to mention enjoyment as a motivator for older adults to undertake and sustain PA [73,77]. One of the reviews we examined highlights the value of enjoyable and sociable activities [35] and other reviews, not meeting the inclusion criteria for our synthesis, found a positive association between enjoyment of being physically active and both initiation and maintenance of PA [78], concluding that group-based activities were particularly valued for instilling a sense of belonging, opportunities for friendship and, ultimately, enjoyment [74].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Promotion of physical activity interventions for community dwelling older adults: A systematic review of reviews

et al. 2017

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ObjectivesWhile there is strong evidence that regular participation in physical activity (PA) brings numerous health benefits to older adults, and interventions to effectively promote PA are being developed and tested, the characteristics and components of the most effective interventions remain unclear. This systematically conducted review of systematic reviews evaluated the effects and characteristics of PA promotion interventions aimed at community dwelling people over 50 years old.MethodsMajor databases were searched for reviews from January 1990 to May 2015. TIDieR guidelines aided data extraction and the ROBIS tool was used to assess the risk of bias. Primary outcomes were objective and self-reported levels of PA. Indicators of psychological wellbeing and participation rates were secondary outcomes.ResultsOf 1284 records identified, 19 reviews met inclusion criteria and eight included meta-analyses. Interventions typically incorporated behaviour change techniques (BCTs) and were delivered as face-to-face, remote, group, individual or as combined interventions. Despite their heterogeneity, interventions often resulted in sustained improvements in PA over the study period, typically at 12 months, and led to improvements in general wellbeing. However, ways to ensure effective maintenance beyond one year are unclear. Certain intervention components were more clearly associated with positive effects (e.g. tailoring promotion strategy with combination of cognitive and behavioural elements, low to moderate intensity activity recommended). We found no evidence that certain other intervention characteristics were superior in achieving positive outcomes (e.g. mode of delivery, setting, professional background of the intervention provider, type of PA recommended).ConclusionThe evidence suggests that interventions to promote PA among older adults are generally effective but there is uncertainty around the most beneficial intervention components. There are indications that purely cognitive strategies and BCTs might be less suitable for older adults than motivators more meaningful to them, including social and environmental support, and enjoyment coming from being physically active. A whole system-oriented approach is required that is tailored to meet the needs of older adults and aligned with social, individual and environmental factors.

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Behavioral Counseling to Promote a Healthful Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults Without Known Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors

Patnode

Evans

Senger

et al. 2017

JAMA

322

196

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Diet and physical activity behavioral interventions for adults not at high risk for cardiovascular disease result in consistent modest benefits across a variety of important intermediate health outcomes across 6 to 12 months, including blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein and total cholesterol levels, and adiposity, with evidence of a dose-response effect, with higher-intensity interventions conferring greater improvements. There is very limited evidence on longer-term intermediate and health outcomes or on harmful effects of these interventions.

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Revisiting self-regulatory techniques to promote physical activity in older adults: null-findings from a randomised controlled trial

Cited by 38 publications

References 54 publications

Untitled

Untitled

Promotion of physical activity interventions for community dwelling older adults: A systematic review of reviews

Behavioral Counseling to Promote a Healthful Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults Without Known Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors

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