Revisiting Tell Begum: A Prehistoric Site in the Shahrizor Plain, Iraqi Kurdistan

Nieuwenhuyse, Olivier; Odaka, Takahiro; Kaneda, A.; Altaweel, Mark; Rasheed, Kamal; Altaweel, Mark

doi:10.1017/irq.2016.7

Cited by 12 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In 1960 a large sounding at Tell Begum, north of Darband-i Khan, revealed floors and house foundations dated by associated pottery to the Late Neolithic and Early Chalcolithic periods (Hijjara 1997: 127-29). Further evidence of these phases derives from recent work by the Sulaimaniyah Directorate at the sites of Greza and Tanjero, north-west of Arbat, and new work by the University of Leiden has recently commenced at Tell Begum (Nieuwenhuyse et al 2016).…”

Section: Archaeological Research In the Shahrizor Plainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gurga Chiya and Tepe Marani: New Excavations in the Shahrizor Plain, Iraqi Kurdistan

Wengrow¹,

Robert²,

Brereton³

et al. 2016

Iraq

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Gurga Chiya and Tepe Marani are small, adjacent mounds located close to the town of Halabja in the southern part of the Shahrizor Plain, one of the most fertile regions of Iraqi Kurdistan. Survey and excavation at these previously unexplored sites is beginning to produce evidence for human settlement spanning the sixth to the fourth millennia, c. 5600–3300 cal. b.c. In Mesopotamian chronology this corresponds to the Late Neolithic through to Chalcolithic periods; the Halaf, Ubaid, and Uruk phases of conventional culture history. In Iraqi Kurdistan, documentation of these periods—which witnessed many important transformations in prehistoric village life—is currently very thin. Here we offer a preliminary report on the emerging results from the Shahrizor Plain, with a particular focus on the description of material culture (ceramic and lithic assemblages), in order to establish a benchmark for further research. We also provide a detailed report on botanical remains and accompanying radiocarbon dates, which allow us to place this new evidence in a wider comparative framework. A further, brief account is given of Late Bronze Age material culture from the upper layers at Gurga Chiya. We conclude with observations on the significance of the Shahrizor Plain for wider research into the later prehistory of the Middle East, and the importance of preserving and investigating its archaeological record.

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Section: Archaeological Research In the Shahrizor Plainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gurga Chiya and Tepe Marani: New Excavations in the Shahrizor Plain, Iraqi Kurdistan

Wengrow¹,

Robert²,

Brereton³

et al. 2016

Iraq

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“…Within the past few years many projects have started surveying large swathes of Iraqi Kurdistan, providing new knowledge about the Halaf period for the region. The Shahrizor Survey project has published Halaf-Ubaid pottery from Tell Begum and Tell Qortas (Mühl and Nieuwenhuyse 2016;Nieuwenhuyse et al 2016). To a certain extent, these examples resemble the material from Banahilk in form (e.g., round-sided bowl, Mühl and Nieuwenhuyse, 2016: fig.…”

Section: Ceramic Contactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fact that this motif is not well represented in the survey material from Kurdistan is most likely due to issues of survey methodology and taphonomy. Further publication is necessary to determine whether differences between Banahilk and sites in the Shahrizor are purely chronological or in fact reflect broader cultural differences, a question also raised by Nieuwenhuyse et al (2016). The fact that the polychrome ware from Tell Begum is absent at Banahilk supports an argument for regional variation.…”

Section: Ceramic Contactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CHALCOLITHIC CERAMIC CONNECTIONS BETWEEN MESOPOTAMIA AND IRAN, c.5900–5100 b.c.e.

Sharp¹,

Kaercher²

2018

Iraq

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The Chalcolithic period in Mesopotamia and Iran (c.6000–4000 b.c.e.) is characterised by larger cities replacing small farming settlements, technological developments including wheel thrown pottery and copper metal working, and people establishing long distance trade networks. The Halaf horizon (5900–5100 b.c.e.) developed out of the local late pottery Neolithic tradition and is found throughout western Syria, southern Turkey, and northern and central Iraq. This archaeological culture is defined by a finely painted pottery, dryland farming, round and rectangular houses, and the use of stamp seals. A comparable ceramic horizon, the J-ware horizon (5200–4700 b.c.e.) arose in the Mahidasht and Kermanshah valleys of Iran. The J-ware ceramics are finely painted, possibly deriving from the Halaf tradition, but also slipped and burnished. The Rowanduz Archaeological Program's (RAP) excavations elucidate links between northern Iraq and northern Iran from the Chalcolithic to the modern period. This paper explores the relationship between the Halaf and J-ware traditions at Banahilk, recently re-excavated by RAP, and the larger contacts during the Chalcolithic.

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“…273 Nieuwenhuyse et al 2016b, 259-260, 263. 274 Nieuwenhuyse et al 2016aNieuwenhuyse et al , 132. 275 Özbaşaran 2011…”

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confidence: 99%

Kuzey Mezopotamya ve Kuzey Levant ta "Halaf Dönemi" (MÖ 6100-5300/5100): Maddi Kültür, Geçim Ekonomisi ve Kültürel Temas

Çivgin¹

2020

CEDRUS

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İZZET ÇIVGIN * Öz: Makalenin konusu, MÖ 6100-5300/5100 arasında Yukarı Mezopotamya ve Kuzey Levant'ta etkili olmuş, Halaf olarak bilinen maddi kültür evresidir. Halaf maddi kültürü, bu 6 yüzyıl içinde, sayılan iki bölge dışında eskiden Samarra kültürünün merkezi olan Orta Mezopotamya'ya da girmiştir. Aslına bakılırsa, en eski Hassuna kapları ile boyalı Samarra ve Halaf kapları arasında kopuştan çok süreklilikler vardır. Halaf çanak-çömleği, 1000 yıldır dönüşen çömlek işçiliğinde yakalanan yeni düzeyi temsil etmektedir. Halaf maddi kültürü, 7 unsurun toplamından oluşur. 1-Kaliteli, ince cidarlı, boyalı ve bezekli çanak-çömlekler. 2-"Tholos" adı verilen yuvarlak planlı yapılar. 3-Temelleri taştan, duvarları tauf ya da kerpiçten yapılar. 4-Kil insan (özellikle kadın) figürinleri. 5-Damga mühürler. 6-Orta ve Doğu Anadolu menşeli obsidyen çekirdeklerinden üretilmiş yontmataş aletler. 7-Kil sapan taşları... Bu maddi kültür unsurları etrafında türdeş bir dünyayı paylaşan Halaf toplumunun geçim kaynakları, sürekli-kalıcı yerleşimlerde yapılan tarım, yarı-göçebe çobanlık ve avcı-toplayıcılıktır. Genelde küçük köylerde ve mezralarda yaşayan Halaf toplumu, özel mülkiyete geçmiş, eşitlikçi ilişkilere sahip ama içinde hiyerarşi potansiyeli taşıyan bir toplumdur. Yazar, Halaf'ın eşitlikçilik ile hiyerarşi arasındaki ara konumunu açıklamak için Aristoteles'in potansiyel-aktüel analizinden yararlanmış; Halaf devrinde hala eşitlikçi görünen toplumsal yapının hiyerarşi potansiyelini barındırdığını iddia etmiştir.

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Revisiting Tell Begum: A Prehistoric Site in the Shahrizor Plain, Iraqi Kurdistan

Cited by 12 publications

References 23 publications

Gurga Chiya and Tepe Marani: New Excavations in the Shahrizor Plain, Iraqi Kurdistan

Gurga Chiya and Tepe Marani: New Excavations in the Shahrizor Plain, Iraqi Kurdistan

CHALCOLITHIC CERAMIC CONNECTIONS BETWEEN MESOPOTAMIA AND IRAN, c.5900–5100 b.c.e.

Kuzey Mezopotamya ve Kuzey Levant ta "Halaf Dönemi" (MÖ 6100-5300/5100): Maddi Kültür, Geçim Ekonomisi ve Kültürel Temas

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