Revisiting the crystal structure of the equilibrium S (Al2CuMg) phase in Al–Cu–Mg alloys using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAFS)

Petschke, Danny; Lotter, Frank; Staab, T.E.M.

doi:10.1016/j.mtla.2019.100341

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The intermetallic particles seen at the optical microscope and SEM images are Al 2 Cu (θ), Al 2 CuMg (S), and AlCuSi phases to EDS analysis (Figure 5(k)) which is used to verify the composition of the materials. [43][44][45][46] After the tests conducted on the as-cast and heattreated alloys, these conclusions are also deduced. After heat treatment process, it is clear that the grains of the composites and the precipitations are much finer in comparison with non-heat-treated composites.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Development and characterization of Al2024/magnesium oxide/CNTs/ hybrid composites via stir casting method

Kurt

Ergül

Başyiğit

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E:

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In this research, the aluminum (Al2024) matrix composites are reinforced with nano magnesium oxide (MgO) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The aim of Al2024 alloy reinforced with MgO and MWCNTs is to reveal the effects of the reinforcement particle ratio on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the hybrid composites, to find the optimum hybrid ratio, and to form a stronger hybrid composite. The composites with the different hybrid ratios are produced via stir casting method. The theoretical and measured densities and porosity content of the composites are studied. The microstructure and fracture surface of the composites are examined by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron dispersive spectrum (EDS). The hardness, compression, and tensile properties of the composites are studied in this work. Results indicated that the hardness of the aluminum (Al) matrix composites (AMCs) is significantly improved after the reinforcement with MgO and carbon nanotube (CNT), and also heat treatment of T6. The stress–strain curve of the composites is tested by a material testing machine. The maximum tensile and compression strengths are obtained at Al2024-0.2 wt.% (MgO 50% + CNT 50%) the composite as 226 MPa and 684 MPa, respectively .The hardness, compression, and tensile strengths of the hybrid composites are higher than 1.51, 1.39, and 1.31 than that of the base metal. After heat treatment of T6, the maximum harness, compression, and tensile strengths are obtained by 102 HB, 730 MPa, and 277 MPa, respectively, which are 1.82, 1.49, and 1.61 times higher hardness than that that of the base Al2024 alloy. The main strengthening mechanism of nano-MgO particles and MWCNTs-reinforced Al2024/MgO/CNTs composites is observed by the precipitation strengthening mechanism.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and characterization of Al2024/magnesium oxide/CNTs/ hybrid composites via stir casting method

Kurt

Ergül

Başyiğit

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E:

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“…It can be explained by a galvanic coupling between copper rich particles (θ-Al 2 Cu; S-Al 2 CuMg) and the grain boundary. Therefore, for the composition design of 2xxx alloy with good corrosion resistance, the Mg content should be reduced to the lowest priority, while the Cu content should be reduced appropriately [17,18].…”

Section: Electrochemical Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and Its Effect on the Intergranular Corrosion Properties of 2024-T3 Aluminum Alloy

2022

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Intergranular corrosion is the main corrosion type of Al-Cu-Mg aluminum alloys, which seriously reduce the lifetime of aircraft structural parts. In this paper, the microstructure and the intergranular corrosion behavior of 2024 alloy with varying Cu and Mg content were studied by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and three-dimensional atom probe (3DAP). The results show that nano-scale θ (Al2Cu) and S (Al2CuMg) particles precipitate along grain boundaries after quenching. The nano-cluster is the main strengthening phase in the 2024 alloy after natural aging for 96 h. The intergranular corrosion susceptibility is greatly affected by the presence of θ (Al2Cu) and S (Al2CuMg) phases along grain boundaries. Specifically, Cu-rich precipitates and intermetallics are known to act as local cathodes, which facilitates the action of oxygen reduction and ultimately drives anodic dissolution of the surrounding matrix material. The intergranular corrosion resistance of the alloy decreases with the increase in Cu and Mg contents. The alloy with a lower Mg content shows better corrosion resistance than the commonly used one with a Cu to Mg mass ratio of 2.9. The relationship between the observed corrosion behavior and various contents of Cu and Mg elements is discussed, which has potential to benefit the composition design of 2xxx aluminum alloy with high corrosion resistance.

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“…Accordingly, experimental techniques facilitating access to specific solute atoms are desirable. Synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy was already used for investigating Al-Cu-based alloys [13][14][15] but faces difficulties for elements such as Mg, Al, Si or Li due to their absorption edges at low energies, which entail very low X-ray penetration depths (at least with respect to bulk material) of about 6 lm (in the case of Mg). The latter challenge, however, can in principle be met using X-ray Raman spectroscopy (XRS) which utilizes high-energy X-ray radiation in order to probe low energy absorption edges (the absorption length of X-rays with 9700 eVas used herein-is about 94 lm with respect to Al alloys).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Li stance on precipitation in Al–Li-based alloys: an investigation by X-ray Raman spectroscopy

et al. 2022

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Decomposition and precipitation processes in a binary Al–Li alloy and a technical Al–Li–Cu–Mg alloy were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray Raman spectroscopy (XRS). The formation of $$\delta $$ δ ’ and T1 precipitates in the Al–Li and the T8 heat-treated Al–Li–Cu–Mg alloy, respectively, was confirmed using DSC. The XRS measurements complemented by simulated spectra allowed for probing specifically Li and its environment within the Al matrix. Based on linear combination fits of the XRS spectra, the relative contributions of $$\delta '$$ δ ′ and T1 precipitates were quantified. These results are in agreement with estimates of the relative amount of Li taking part in the precipitation process. Difficulties and limitations of the application of XRS to Al alloy systems are also discussed.

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Revisiting the crystal structure of the equilibrium S (Al2CuMg) phase in Al–Cu–Mg alloys using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAFS)

Cited by 18 publications

References 39 publications

Development and characterization of Al2024/magnesium oxide/CNTs/ hybrid composites via stir casting method

Development and characterization of Al2024/magnesium oxide/CNTs/ hybrid composites via stir casting method

Microstructure and Its Effect on the Intergranular Corrosion Properties of 2024-T3 Aluminum Alloy

The Li stance on precipitation in Al–Li-based alloys: an investigation by X-ray Raman spectroscopy

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