Revisiting the Growth of Black Phosphorus in Sn-I Assisted Reactions

Wang, Dongya; Peng, Yi; Wang, Lin; Zhang, Lu; Li, Hai; Lü, Min; Xie, Xiaoji; Huang, Ling; Huang, Wei

doi:10.3389/fchem.2019.00021

Cited by 45 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Subsequently, the morphology and crystalline structure of the bulk BP was further characterized using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) image. As shown in Figure 1c,d, a ribbon-like structure was clearly observed with a clear lattice spacing of 0.218 nm, corresponding to the (002) planes of BP crystals, which is good in relation to previously reported values of BP single crystals [21][22][23]. To further confirm the characteristics of the BP crystals, selected area electron diffraction (SAED) was conducted ( Figure 1e, upper right inset of Figure 1d), which demonstrated the excellent crystallization of the corresponding materials.…”

Section: Synthesis Of High-quality Bp Single Crystalssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Therefore, it can be concluded that BP single crystals were successfully fabricated using this mineralization route, endowing the possibility of precise analysis and application without purification in the future. Nanomaterials 2020, 10 3 of 9 spacing of 0.218 nm, corresponding to the (002) planes of BP crystals, which is good in relation to previously reported values of BP single crystals [21][22][23]. To further confirm the characteristics of the BP crystals, selected area electron diffraction (SAED) was conducted ( Figure 1e, upper right inset of Figure 1d), which demonstrated the excellent crystallization of the corresponding materials.…”

Section: Synthesis Of High-quality Bp Single Crystalssupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Furthermore, the XRD pattern of the bulk BP crystalline, presented in Figure 1g, revealed that the preferred growth crystallographic planes were all (0k0) planes in which the peaks were mainly located at~16 • , 34 • , and 52 • , corresponding to characteristic diffraction peaks of (020), (040), and (060) planes of orthorhombic BP (space group Cmca (no. 64)) [21][22][23]. Therefore, it can be concluded that BP single crystals were successfully fabricated using this mineralization route, endowing the possibility of precise analysis and application without purification in the future.…”

Section: Synthesis Of High-quality Bp Single Crystalsmentioning

confidence: 92%

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High-Quality Black Phosphorus Quantum Dots Fabricated via Microwave-Tailored Technology

Deng

et al. 2020

Nanomaterials

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Black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) have recently obtained great attention due to their high mobility and tunable bandgap features, which are beneficial for their potential application in photoelectronic devices. However, a precise synthesis of high-quality BPQDs is still a great challenge owing to the formation of an impurity phase when employing traditional methods. Herein, we demonstrate the scalable fabrication of BPQDs from mineralization-derived bulk black phosphorus (BP) single crystals by means of a microwave (MW)-assisted liquid-phase exfoliation method in ethanol. The primary results demonstrate that ethanol plays a crucial role in determining the final properties of BPQDs, such as their excellent tolerance to oxygen, good crystallinity, and uniform size. Furthermore, the mechanism behind the formation of BPQDs is proposed, revealing that a layer-by-layer disintegration process of bulk BP crystals under microwave-energy stimuli is responsible. This work may provide a novel path for the further development of BPQDs and corresponding devices.

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Section: Synthesis Of High-quality Bp Single Crystalssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Synthesis Of High-quality Bp Single Crystalssupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Synthesis Of High-quality Bp Single Crystalsmentioning

confidence: 92%

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High-Quality Black Phosphorus Quantum Dots Fabricated via Microwave-Tailored Technology

Deng

et al. 2020

Nanomaterials

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“…During the reaction, the Sn 24 P 22− x I 8 compound, exhibiting a clathrate structure with sufficient P vacancies, not only allows the reaction of P 4 with the host structure, but also permits excess P atoms to diffuse out from the host structure to form BP. Our recent exploration also demonstrated that Sn 24 P 19.3 I 8 was a common intermediate in all the Sn–I mineralized systems, and the black phosphorus crystals were proposed to be formed with the assistance of SnI 2 , following a polymerization‐like process …”

Section: Cvt Based Synthesis Of Black Phosphorusmentioning

confidence: 86%

Chemical Vapor Transport Reactions for Synthesizing Layered Materials and Their 2D Counterparts

Wang

Luo

Lü

et al. 2019

Small

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semimetals (Si and Ge) to transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), which can be tuned from semiconductors to superconductors, have been intensively investigated. [8] Despite the recent advances in 2D materials, it is still challenging to obtain 2D materials with desired layers and size in facile and controllable manners.Indeed, continuous research has been carried out on the synthesis of 2D materials. [9] Generally, two synthetic strategies, known as top-down and bottom-up, are applied to obtain 2D materials. In the common top-down strategy, 2D materials are exfoliated from their bulk counterparts. Differently, using the bottom-up strategy, 2D materials with a few thin layers, even an atomically thin layer, can be directly synthesized from small building blocks such as molecules and atoms. [10] In these synthetic strategies for 2D materials, chemical vapor transport (CVT) reaction, an old yet powerful technology, plays an important role because CVT reactions can be used for both topdown and bottom-up syntheses of 2D materials. [11] CVT reactions represent a category of reactions with one common feature: a condensed phase, typically a solid, sublimes in the presence of a gaseous reactant (the mineralizer), and then deposits elsewhere usually in the form of crystals. [12] Notably, CVT is different from chemical vapor deposition (CVD), another chemical vapor-based approach for synthesizing 2D materials. Specifically, the main difference between CVT and CVD lies in the source materials for synthesizing products, where solid reactants are typically used in CVT and gaseous precursors are usually applied in CVD. The difference induces consequent differences in reactor design, operational control, and product features, thus bringing strengths and drawbacks for each approach. Since the discovery of CVT reaction by Bunsen in 1851, comprehensive understanding of CVT reactions in both experimental exploration and theoretical modeling has been established. [13] Furthermore, thousands of CVT reactions have been applied till now, producing a great variety of pure and crystalline solids, including metals, metalloids, intermetallic phases, metal oxides, halides, chalcogen halides, chalcogenides, and pnictides. [13,14] The knowledge about CVT reactions, together with the large number of applicable reactions, can offer opportunities for the controllable synthesis of 2D materials and the exploration of new 2D materials. Unfortunately, for the preparation of 2D materials, in stark contrast to the wide application of CVD, 2D materials, namely thin layers of layered materials, are attracting much attention because of their unique electronic, optical, thermal, and catalytic properties for wide applications. To advance both the fundamental studies and further practical applications, the scalable and controlled synthesis of large-sized 2D materials is desired, while there still lacks ideal approaches. Alternatively, the chemical vapor transport reaction is an old but powerful technique, and is recently adopted for synthesizing 2D material...

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“…The complexity of mechanical exfoliation would be a considerable barrier towards the practical application of such a kind of device, as the large-scale growth technology of BP is not available yet. 31 Moreover, atmospheric stability issue of the devices is not clearly addressed in previous reports. Considering that BP is very unstable in air, 10,32,33 the atmospheric stability of the device must be taken into account for relevant exploration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

A self-encapsulated broadband phototransistor based on a hybrid of graphene and black phosphorus nanosheets

Zhou

et al. 2020

Nanoscale Adv.

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Revisiting the Growth of Black Phosphorus in Sn-I Assisted Reactions

Cited by 45 publications

References 30 publications

High-Quality Black Phosphorus Quantum Dots Fabricated via Microwave-Tailored Technology

High-Quality Black Phosphorus Quantum Dots Fabricated via Microwave-Tailored Technology

Chemical Vapor Transport Reactions for Synthesizing Layered Materials and Their 2D Counterparts

A self-encapsulated broadband phototransistor based on a hybrid of graphene and black phosphorus nanosheets

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