Revisiting the link between horizontal tuning and face processing ability with independent measures.

Duncan, Justin; Royer, Jessica; Dugas, Gabrielle; Blais, Caroline; Fiset, Daniel

doi:10.1037/xhp0000684

Cited by 9 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(74 reference statements)

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“…The Bayes factor provides evidence favoring the absence of such a correlation, making this result a meaningful aspect of our data. These findings agree with a recent study by Duncan et al (2019). The authors show that the horizontal tuning for the processing of face identity is positively linked to individual face recognition performance but cannot be explained by the general sensitivity to horizontal contrast as measured with Gabor stimuli [59].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Contrast versus identity encoding in the face image follow distinct orientation selectivity profiles

Jacobs¹,

Petras

Moors

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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Orientation selectivity is a fundamental property of primary visual encoding. High-level processing stages also show some form of orientation dependence, with face identification preferentially relying on horizontally-oriented information. How high-level orientation tuning emerges from primary orientation biases is unclear. In the same group of participants, we derived the orientation selectivity profile at primary and high-level visual processing stages using a contrast detection and an identity matching task. To capture the orientation selectivity profile, we calculated the difference in performance between all tested orientations (0, 45, 90, and 135˚) for each task and for upright and inverted faces, separately. Primary orientation selectivity was characterized by higher sensitivity to oblique as compared to cardinal orientations. The orientation profile of face identification showed superior horizontal sensitivity to face identity. In each task, performance with upright and inverted faces projected onto qualitatively similar a priori models of orientation selectivity. Yet the fact that the orientation selectivity profiles of contrast detection in upright and inverted faces correlated significantly while such correlation was absent for identification indicates a progressive dissociation of orientation selectivity profiles from primary to high-level stages of orientation encoding. Bayesian analyses further indicate a lack of correlation between the orientation selectivity profiles in the contrast detection and face identification tasks, for upright and inverted faces. From these findings, we conclude that orientation selectivity shows distinct profiles at primary and high-level stages of face processing and that a transformation must occur from general cardinal attenuation when processing basic properties of the face image to horizontal tuning when encoding more complex properties such as identity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Contrast versus identity encoding in the face image follow distinct orientation selectivity profiles

Jacobs¹,

Petras

Moors

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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“…[56]) and perceptual skills (e.g. [44,[57][58][59][60][61]). The main aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of implicit racial attitudes on the visual extraction strategies used during a face trustworthiness comparison task.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implicit race attitudes modulate visual information extraction for trustworthiness judgments

et al. 2020

Self Cite

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Black people are still considered to be one of the most stigmatized groups and have to face multiple prejudices that undermine their well-being. Assumptions and beliefs about other racial groups are quite pervasive and have been shown to impact basic social tasks such as face processing. For example, individuals with high racial prejudice conceptualize otherrace faces as less trustworthy and more criminal. However, it is unknown if implicit racial bias could modulate even low-level perceptual mechanisms such as spatial frequency (SF) extraction when judging the level of trustworthiness of other-race faces. The present study showed that although similar facial features are used to judge the trustworthiness of White and Black faces, own-race faces are processed in lower SF (i.e. coarse information such as the contour of the face and blurred shapes as opposed to high SF representing fine-grained information such as eyelashes or fine wrinkles). This pattern was modulated by implicit race biases: higher implicit biases are associated with a significantly higher reliance on low SF with White than with Black faces.

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“…In this study, we addressed whether and how radial biases survive at higher-level processing stages through the lens of face identity recognition, making use of the strong orientation-dependence of face identification. Indeed, several studies have provided consistent evidence that orientations near horizontal best activate the specialized processing of the human face in its canonical upright position (e.g., Dakin & Watt, 2009;Duncan et al, 2019;Goffaux & Dakin, 2010;Goffaux & Greenwood, 2016;Pachai et al, 2018). When faces are filtered in the Fourier domain to preserve only a restricted range of orientation (as in Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Radial bias in face identification

Roux-Sibilon¹,

Peyrin²,

Greenwood³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Peripheral vision in humans is characterized by a preference for radially oriented stimuli (pointing towards the fovea), which tend to be better perceived than tangentially oriented stimuli in a wide variety of tasks (e.g., experiments measuring contrast, spatial frequency, phase discrimination or orientation discrimination thresholds). This is consistent with the neurophysiological findings that the receptive fields of visual cells at low-level of processing are radially elongated, starting with the retinal ganglion cells. Despite evidence that the human visual system is radially biased, it is not known whether this bias also influences the visual recognition of meaningful objects. To address this question, we used the case of face identification, which have been shown to rely primarily on horizontally oriented content (e.g., edges of eyes and eyebrows, base of nose, mouth). We reasoned that, as a result of the radial bias, humans should be better at recognizing their conspecifics' faces when perceived along the horizontal meridian, where the encoding of horizontal orientation is facilitated. In a psychophysical experiment, we trained two samples of participants to recognize upright and inverted faces appearing briefly on either the horizontal or vertical meridian. We measured the effect of face inversion, taken here as a marker of the high-level ‘specificity’ of face identity processing, across a range of visibility levels. We found that the face inversion effect was larger when faces were perceived on the horizontal compared to the vertical meridian. Our results support the hypothesis that the high-level mechanisms in the face processing system are more easily engaged when faces are perceived on the horizontal meridian, where horizontal cues in the face align with the radial bias. This result suggests that low level radial biases in peripheral vision can influence the recognition of complex objects.

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Revisiting the link between horizontal tuning and face processing ability with independent measures.

Cited by 9 publications

References 58 publications

Contrast versus identity encoding in the face image follow distinct orientation selectivity profiles

Contrast versus identity encoding in the face image follow distinct orientation selectivity profiles

Implicit race attitudes modulate visual information extraction for trustworthiness judgments

Radial bias in face identification

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