Revisiting the occurrence and evidence of endodermis in angiosperm shoots

Seago, James L.

doi:10.1016/j.flora.2020.151709

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Barberon 2017). Although an endodermis with CS mainly occurs in roots, it is not uncommon in aerial shoots and leaves (Lersten 1997;Seago 2020) but more often established in subterranean or submersed stems (Dalla Vecchia et al 1999). In the "rootless" bladderworts, the conductive function of the endodermis has been seemingly transferred from roots into stolons that manifest dynamic developmental processes for roots, shoots, and leaves (Rutishauser 2016(Rutishauser , 2020Reut and Płachno 2020).…”

Section: Conductive Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Living between land and water – structural and functional adaptations in vegetative organs of bladderworts

et al. 2021

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Aims The carnivorous Utricularia (Lentibulariaceae) has an anatomically simple and seemingly rootless vegetative body. It occupies a variety of wetlands and inland waters and shows a broad range of life forms. Here, we aimed to elucidate structural and functional traits in various hydric conditions. Furthermore, we intended to evaluate morpho-anatomical adaptations in correlation with life forms. Methods Morpho-anatomical characteristics typical for hydrophytes of all life forms were investigated by light microscopy on 13 Utricularia taxa, compared to one Pinguicula and two Genlisea taxa, and assessed by multivariate analyses. Results Vegetative structures of Utricularia and Genlisea showed reduced cortical, supporting, and vascular tissues. With increasing water table, leaves were thinner, and narrower or dissected, and submerged organs tended to contain chloroplasts in parenchymatic and epidermal cells. In some main stolons, an endodermis with Casparian strips was visible. Large gas chambers, including a novel ‘crescent’ and a special ‘hollow’ aerenchyma pattern, were found in amphibious to free-floating taxa. Conclusions The evolutionary transfer of carnivory from aerial to subterranean organs in Genlisea, and even more in Utricularia, coincides with a highly simplified anatomy, which is adapted to a broad variety of hydric conditions and compensates for structural innovations in the uptake of nutrients.

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Section: Conductive Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other staining and fluorescence techniques should be applied to improve the identification of CS and to gain insights into their composition (see e.g. Dalla Vecchia et al 1999;Naseera et al 2012;Seago 2020).…”

Section: Conductive Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Living between land and water – structural and functional adaptations in vegetative organs of bladderworts

et al. 2021

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“…Additionally, variations in the architecture of the endodermis further broaden the diversity of eustelic vascular architecture (e.g. Seago, 2020). These compounded layers of complexity and diversity have been encompassed in several classification systems (e.g.…”

Section: Procambial Architecture: Three Main Types Of Stele Among Tracheophytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is despite their distinct physiological functions and anatomies, e.g. whether consisting of cells that possess Casparian strips, traditionally associated with endodermal identity (Seago, 2020), or otherwise. Additionally, available evidence suggests that these layers are specified by the same regulatory modules throughout the plant body (reviewed by Tomescu, 2008) and this shared developmental regulation indicates that they may be serially homologous.…”

Section: The Importance Of Boundary Layersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An endodermis marked by Casparian strips was thought to be rare in stems with eustelic organization (Esau, 1977). However, such considerations were based on sparse taxon sampling and a recent survey has demonstrated more frequent presence of this anatomical feature across angiosperm diversity (Seago, 2020). Additionally, substantial evidence from anatomy, physiology, and development indicates the presence of a boundary layer that separates two major domains in eustelic axes – a central domain that includes vascular tissues (the stele) and an outer accessory domain of ground tissues (cortex) (j and l in Fig.…”

Section: Stele Types and Boundary Layersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The stele – a developmental perspective on the diversity and evolution of primary vascular architecture

Tomescu

2021

Biological Reviews

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The stele concept is one of the oldest enduring concepts in plant biology. Here, I review the history of the concept and build an argument for an updated view of steles and their evolution. Studies of stelar organization have generated a widely ranging array of definitions that determine the way we classify steles and construct scenarios about the evolution of stelar architecture. Because at the organismal level biological evolution proceeds by changes in development, concepts of structure need to be grounded in development to be relevant in an evolutionary perspective. For the stele, most traditional definitions that incorporate development have viewed it as the totality of tissues that either originate from procambium – currently the prevailing view – or are bordered by a boundary layer (e.g. endodermis). Consensus between these two perspectives can be reached by recasting the stele as a structural entity of dual nature. Following a brief review of the history of the stele concept, basic terminology related to stelar organization, and traditional classifications of the steles, I revisit boundary layers from the perspective of histogenesis as a dynamic mosaic of developmental domains. I review anatomical and molecular data to explore and reaffirm the importance of boundary layers for stelar organization. Drawing on information from comparative anatomy, developmental regulation, and the fossil record, I propose a stele concept that integrates both the boundary layer and the procambial perspectives, consistent with a dual nature of the stele. This dual stele model posits that stelar architecture is determined at the apical meristem by two major cell fate specification events: a first one that specifies a provascular domain and its boundaries, and a second event that specifies a procambial domain (which will mature into conducting tissues) from cell subpopulations of the provascular domain. If the position and extent of the developmental domains defined by the two events are determined by different concentrations of the same morphogen (most likely auxin), then the distribution of this organizer factor in the shoot apical meristem, as modulated by changes in axis size and the effect of lateral organs, can explain the different stelar configurations documented among tracheophytes. This model provides working hypotheses that incorporate assumptions and generate implications that can be tested empirically. The model also offers criteria for an updated classification of steles in line with current understanding of plant development. In this classification, steles fall into two major categories determined by the configuration of boundary layers: boundary protosteles and boundary siphonosteles, each with subtypes defined by the architecture of the vascular tissues. Validation of the dual stele model and, more generally, in‐depth understanding of the regulation of stelar architecture, will necessitate targeted efforts in two areas: (i) the regulation of procambium, vascular tissue, and boundary layer specification...

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2024

Rhizomes

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Revisiting the occurrence and evidence of endodermis in angiosperm shoots

Cited by 19 publications

References 95 publications

Living between land and water – structural and functional adaptations in vegetative organs of bladderworts

Living between land and water – structural and functional adaptations in vegetative organs of bladderworts

The stele – a developmental perspective on the diversity and evolution of primary vascular architecture

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