Revisiting the quantification of power plant CO2 emissions in the United States and China from satellite: A comparative study using three top-down approaches

He, Cheng; Lu, Xiao; Zhang, Yuzhong; Liu, Zhu; Jiang, Fei; Sun, Youwen; Gao, Meng; Liu, Yiming; Lin, Haipeng; Yang, Jiani; Lin, Xiaojuan; Wang, Yurun; Hu, Chengyuan; Fan, Shaojia

doi:10.1016/j.rse.2024.114192

Remote Sensing of Environment

2024

DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2024.114192

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Revisiting the quantification of power plant CO2 emissions in the United States and China from satellite: A comparative study using three top-down approaches

Cheng He,

Xiao Lu,

Yuzhong Zhang

et al.

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Monitoring fossil fuel CO2 emissions from co-emitted NO2 observed from space: progress, challenges, and future perspectives

Li,

Qiu,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

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Developing an anthropogenic carbon dioxides (CO2) emissions monitoring and verification support (MVS) capacity is essential to support the Global Stocktake (GST) and ratchet up Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). The 2019 IPCC refinement proposes top-down inversed CO2 emissions, primarily from fossil fuel (FFCO2), as a viable emission dataset. Despite substantial progress in directly inferring FFCO2 emissions from CO2 observations, substantial challenges remain, particularly in distinguishing local CO2 enhancements from the high background due to the long atmospheric lifetime. Alternatively, using short-lived and co-emitted nitrogen dioxide (NO2) as a proxy in FFCO2 emission inversion has gained prominence. This methodology is broadly categorized into plume-based and emission ratios (ERs)-based inversion methods. In the plume-based methods, NO2 observations act as locators, constraints, and validators for deciphering CO2 plumes downwind of sources, typically at point source and city scales. The ERs-based inversion approach typically consists of two steps: inferring NO2-based nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions and converting NOx to CO2 emissions using CO2-to-NOx ERs. While integrating NO2 observations into FFCO2 emission inversion offers advantages over the direct CO2-based methods, uncertainties persist, including both structural and data-related uncertainties. Addressing these uncertainties is a primary focus for future research, which includes deploying next-generation satellites and developing advanced inversion systems. Besides, data caveats are necessary when releasing data to users to prevent potential misuse. Advancing NO2-based CO2 emission inversion requires interdisciplinary collaboration across multiple communities of remote sensing, emission inventory, transport model improvement, and atmospheric inversion algorithm development.

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Monitoring fossil fuel CO2 emissions from co-emitted NO2 observed from space: progress, challenges, and future perspectives

Li,

Qiu,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

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Comparing Point Source CO₂ Emission Rate Estimates From Near‐Simultaneous OCO‐3 and EMIT Observations

Nelson,

Cusworth,

Thorpe

et al. 2024

Geophysical Research Letters

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Carbon dioxide () emissions from combustion sources are uncertain in many places across the globe. Here, we estimate emission rates from a small number of collocated observations from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory‐3 (OCO‐3) and the Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation (EMIT), both onboard the International Space Station (ISS). These near‐simultaneous measurements allow for an unprecedented comparison of two unique space‐based sensors over both isolated coal‐fired power plants and multi‐source scenes in China. We estimate emission rates using integrated mass enhancement and a Gaussian plume model. Where validation data is available, 15 of the 19 estimated emission rates have errors less than 37%. For the multi‐source scenes, EMIT can estimate emissions from individual facilities but its aggregate emissions are 42% lower than OCO‐3, likely because it cannot detect small sources or diffuse emissions. OCO‐3, with its excellent precision, may better constrain emissions over the entire scene.

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Revisiting the quantification of power plant CO2 emissions in the United States and China from satellite: A comparative study using three top-down approaches

Cited by 2 publications

References 46 publications

Monitoring fossil fuel CO2 emissions from co-emitted NO2 observed from space: progress, challenges, and future perspectives

Monitoring fossil fuel CO2 emissions from co-emitted NO2 observed from space: progress, challenges, and future perspectives

Comparing Point Source CO₂ Emission Rate Estimates From Near‐Simultaneous OCO‐3 and EMIT Observations

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Revisiting the quantification of power plant CO2 emissions in the United States and China from satellite: A comparative study using three top-down approaches

Cited by 2 publications

References 46 publications

Monitoring fossil fuel CO2 emissions from co-emitted NO2 observed from space: progress, challenges, and future perspectives

Monitoring fossil fuel CO2 emissions from co-emitted NO2 observed from space: progress, challenges, and future perspectives

Comparing Point Source CO2 Emission Rate Estimates From Near‐Simultaneous OCO‐3 and EMIT Observations

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Comparing Point Source CO₂ Emission Rate Estimates From Near‐Simultaneous OCO‐3 and EMIT Observations