Revisiting the surface-mounted cube: An updated perspective of the near wake and near-wall flow field
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Cited by 5 publications
References 68 publications
Skin-friction from temperature and velocity data around a wall-mounted cube
This paper reports an algorithm for measuring the time-averaged skin friction vector field $$\overline{\pmb {\tau }}(\pmb {X})$$ τ ¯ ( X ) starting from time-resolved temperature maps, acquired by a functional coating of temperature-sensitive paint. The algorithm is applied to a large area around a wall-mounted cube, immersed in the turbulent boundary layer over a flat plate. The method adopts a relaxed version of the Taylor Hypothesis operating on time-resolved maps of temperature fluctuations $$T'$$ T ′ measured on the slightly warmer bounding surface. The procedure extracts $${\overline{U}}_T(\pmb {X})$$ U ¯ T ( X ) , the celerity of displacement of $$T'$$ T ′ , as the best approximation of the forecasting provided by the frozen turbulence assumption near the wall, where its rigorous application is inappropriate. The $$\overline{\pmb {\tau }}(\pmb {X})$$ τ ¯ ( X ) estimation is based on the hypothesis of a linear relationship between $${\overline{U}}_T(\pmb {X})$$ U ¯ T ( X ) and $${\overline{U}}_U(\pmb {X})$$ U ¯ U ( X ) , chained to the one between $${\overline{U}}_U(\pmb {X})$$ U ¯ U ( X ) and $${\overline{U}}_\tau (\pmb {X})$$ U ¯ τ ( X ) . We assess the outcomes of the proposed algorithm against those derived by the 2D and 3D Lagrangian particle tracking (LPT) methodology ’Shake-The-Box’, whose advent has made available high-quality near-wall flow field information. Furthermore, data from high-density 2D time-resolved LPT allows exploring the suitability of the linear relationships chain between $${\overline{U}}_T(\pmb {X})$$ U ¯ T ( X ) and $${\overline{U}}_\tau (\pmb {X})$$ U ¯ τ ( X ) in the proposed context.
Skin-friction from temperature and velocity data around a wall-mounted cube
This paper reports an algorithm for measuring the time-averaged skin friction vector field $$\overline{\pmb {\tau }}(\pmb {X})$$ τ ¯ ( X ) starting from time-resolved temperature maps, acquired by a functional coating of temperature-sensitive paint. The algorithm is applied to a large area around a wall-mounted cube, immersed in the turbulent boundary layer over a flat plate. The method adopts a relaxed version of the Taylor Hypothesis operating on time-resolved maps of temperature fluctuations $$T'$$ T ′ measured on the slightly warmer bounding surface. The procedure extracts $${\overline{U}}_T(\pmb {X})$$ U ¯ T ( X ) , the celerity of displacement of $$T'$$ T ′ , as the best approximation of the forecasting provided by the frozen turbulence assumption near the wall, where its rigorous application is inappropriate. The $$\overline{\pmb {\tau }}(\pmb {X})$$ τ ¯ ( X ) estimation is based on the hypothesis of a linear relationship between $${\overline{U}}_T(\pmb {X})$$ U ¯ T ( X ) and $${\overline{U}}_U(\pmb {X})$$ U ¯ U ( X ) , chained to the one between $${\overline{U}}_U(\pmb {X})$$ U ¯ U ( X ) and $${\overline{U}}_\tau (\pmb {X})$$ U ¯ τ ( X ) . We assess the outcomes of the proposed algorithm against those derived by the 2D and 3D Lagrangian particle tracking (LPT) methodology ’Shake-The-Box’, whose advent has made available high-quality near-wall flow field information. Furthermore, data from high-density 2D time-resolved LPT allows exploring the suitability of the linear relationships chain between $${\overline{U}}_T(\pmb {X})$$ U ¯ T ( X ) and $${\overline{U}}_\tau (\pmb {X})$$ U ¯ τ ( X ) in the proposed context.
On the flow dynamics around a surface-mounted cube and boundary layer effects
Motivated by contradicting or insufficient information regarding the large-scale flow dynamics around surface-mounted finite-height square prisms of small aspect ratio, the present study investigates the dominant vortex shedding and low-frequency dynamics around a surface-mounted cube. These flow modes were obtained from the spectral proper orthogonal decomposition of large-eddy simulation results, at a Reynolds number of $\textit {Re}=1\times 10^4$ and two different types of boundary layer: a thin and laminar boundary layer with thickness $\delta /D=0.2$ and a thick and turbulent boundary layer with $\delta /D=0.8$ . The main antisymmetric mode pair revealed a new flow pattern with the alternate shedding of streamwise flow structures, indicating a transition from the half-loops of taller prisms to only streamwise strands (i.e. no vertical core) for smaller aspect ratio. The formation process of the streamwise structures is due to a reorientation of the vorticity of the arch vortex in the streamwise direction characteristic of the shed structures. The low-frequency drift mode affected the length of the recirculation region, the strength of vortex shedding, and the near-wall flow field and pressure distribution on the cube's faces, leading to low-frequency variations in the fluctuating drag and normal force coefficients. These large-scale flow dynamics were similar for both boundary layers, but minor differences were identified, related mostly to the occurrence of flow attachment and the formation of a headband vortex for the thicker boundary layer.
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