Revisiting very disperse macromolecule populations in hydrodynamic and light scattering studies of sodium carboxymethyl celluloses

Incentives of Using the Hydrodynamic Invariant and Sedimentation Parameter for the Study of Naturally- and Synthetically-Based Macromolecules in Solution

“…The hydrodynamic data acquired at different concentrations then provide suitable orthogonal information, e.g., by comparing Equations (1) and (9). For a more detailed and recent assessment of the described phenomenology in combination with other hydrodynamic and light scattering techniques the reader may refer to reference [12].…”

“…Dashed lines represent average values for the hydrodynamic invariants, A 0 (Equation (12)), calculated from the respective data of a particular conformational type of macromolecules. Color and symbol assignments for naturally-based macromolecules: Black-Rigid, Xanthan (squares) [25], Chitosan (circles) [26,27], Schizophyllan (triangles up) [28]; Blue-Semi-Flexible, Pectin (squares) [29,30], Chitosan (circles) [31][32][33][34], Chitin (triangles up) [35], Cellulose (triangles down) [12,[36][37][38][39][40][41], Heparin (diamonds) [42], Ficoll400 (triangles left) [43]; Green-Flexible, Glucan (squares) [44], Mannan (circles) [45], Pullulan (triangles up) [46], Carrageenan (triangles down) [47], Polyvinylsaccharide (diamonds) [48,49]; Red-Branched, Glucan (squares) [50], Lysin (circles) [51]. Color and symbol assignments for synthetically-based macromolecules: Blue-Semi-Flexible, Polyelectrolyte (squares), cationic [52]; Green-Flexible, Polyelectrolyte (squares), cationic [53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62], anionic [63], Poly(ethylene) glycol (PEG) (circles) [14], Poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline) (POx)...…”

“…The sedimentation parameter, β s (Equation 14), is rather less frequently published compared to the hydrodynamic invariant, A 0 (Equation (12)). For the calculation of the sedimentation parameter, the Gralen coefficient, k s (Equation 7), is utilized.…”

“…Dashed lines represent different averages for the sedimentation parameter, β s (Equation 14), characteristic for different conformation types. Color and symbol assignments of naturally-based macromolecules: Black-Rigid, Xanthan (squares) [25], Schizophyllan (triangles up) [28]; Blue-Semi-Flexible, Pectin (squares) [29,30], Chitosan (circles) [31,33,34], Chitin (triangles up) [35], Cellulose (triangles down) [12,[38][39][40][41]77], Heparin (diamonds) [42]; Green-Flexible, Mannan (circles) [45,78], Pullulan (triangles up) [46], Carrageenan (triangles down) [47]. Color and symbol assignments of synthetically-based macromolecules: Green-Flexible, Polyelectrolyte (squares), cationic [55,59,60], POx (triangles up) [13,65], amide containing vinyl copolymers (triangles down) [66,67], PEI (diamonds) [68], Polyvinylpyrrolidone (triangles left) [69]; Red-Branched, PEG copolymers (squares) [24].…”

“…Macromolecular hydrodynamics may be considered a counterpart to the well-known (static) light scattering experiments for direct molar mass estimations [11]. In any case, and also due to the multiplicity of experiments necessary to determine absolute molar masses, the estimated results from any technique or combination of techniques are statistical in nature, particularly for disperse macromolecule populations [12,13]. Furthermore, the accuracy of molar mass estimations needs to be confirmed by a suitable orthogonal correlation of individually determined experimental parameters establishing their absolute value [12][13][14].…”