“…There are twenty-one elements across the four dimensions (see Linguard et al, 2003), but the PPF model does not suggest that each of the elements should be present in every assigned activity. The PPF can be used to provide a comprehensive conceptual plan for the construction and acquisition of knowledge and in developing effective teaching (Education Queensland, 2001;Hayes et al, 2006;Lingard, , 2007Suhendra & Nurlaela, 2018). For the purposes of this article, our reflection was specifically based on the "Connectedness" dimension of the PPF, which was designed to ensure that learners engage with real, practical or hypothetical problems that connect to the world beyond the classroom (Education Queensland, 2001;Hayes et al, 2006).…”