Revival and emended description of ‘Mycobacterium paraffinicum’ Davis, Chase and Raymond 1956 as Mycobacterium paraffinicum sp. nov., nom. rev.

Toney, Nadege C.; Adékambi, Toïdi; Toney, Sean; Yakrus, Mitchell A.; Butler, W. Ray

doi:10.1099/ijs.0.016972-0

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…M. gordonae, previously isolated from Mubende environments [23], is known to cause infections especially in patients with an underlying predisposition or immunosuppression such as AIDS, steroids therapy or patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis [4]. Petroleum by-product oxidising mycobacteria, M. paraffinicum [31] was also isolated from pigs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-tuberculous mycobacteria isolated from slaughter pigs in Mubende district, Uganda

et al. 2012

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BackgroundThe importance of infections caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in animals and humans has gained considerable recognition during the past few years. In the developed world, where pig production is extensively practiced, studies on mycobacterial infections and related control strategies have received increasing attention. The infections are reported to be caused by a wide spectrum of NTM. Unfortunately, these infections have been less recognized in sub-Saharan Africa owing to lack of awareness and systematic studies. In this study we aimed at isolating and identifying species of mycobacteria involved in causing infections in slaughter pigs in Mubende district of Uganda. Furthermore we wanted to identify factors associated with infection prevalence in the study area.MethodsA total of 363 lymph nodes were collected and cultured for the presence of mycobacteria. Isolates were identified by 16S rDNA gene sequencing. A questionnaire survey was administered to identify production related factors associated with infection prevalence. Data were assembled and analysed using descriptive statistics and mixed effects logistic regression analysis.ResultsMycobacteria were detected in 39 % (143/363) of the examined lymph nodes, 63 % (59/93) of lymph nodes with gross lesions typical of mycobacteriosis and 31% (84/270) of lymph nodes with no visible lesions. Nineteen per cent of the isolated mycobacteria were identified as Mycobacterium (M) avium, of these 78% and 22% were M. avium sub sp. Hominissuis and avium respectively. Other mycobacterial species included M. senuense (16%), M. terrae (7%) and M. asiaticum (6%). This study found free range systems (OR = 3.0; P = 0.034) and use of water from valley dams (OR = 2.0; P = 0.049) as factors associated with high prevalence of mycobacteria in slaughter pigs.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated a high prevalence of NTM infections among slaughter pigs in Mubende district of Uganda. M. avium was the most prevalent of all NTM isolated and identified. Free range system of pig management and valley dam water were the most significant factors associated with NTM prevalence in Mubende district. These findings could be of a major public health concern given that it is in a predominantly pork consuming population with 18% HIV/AIDS prevalence. Therefore, stringent post-mortem inspection at the slaughter houses is of paramount importance to reduce human exposure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-tuberculous mycobacteria isolated from slaughter pigs in Mubende district, Uganda

et al. 2012

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“…The most common pattern, SNP pattern type 2 (41 strains), included ATCC13590, which has been detected worldwide [36,37]. Type 3 (containing 11 strains) had high similarity with M. chimaera CIP 107892 [38]. In fact, only one base (position 403) differed between M. intracellulare and M. chimaera [39].…”

Section: S Rdna Gene Sequencingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variable-number tandem repeat markers for Mycobacterium intracellulare genotyping: comparison to the 16S rRNA gene sequencing

Chen

Zhang

Peng

2017

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Characterizing Mycobacterium intracellulare responsible for nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections may aid in controlling outbreaks. This study aimed to compare 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) sequencing and variable-number tandem repeat (VNTR) genotyping of M. intracellulare strains isolated from clinical samples, and to characterize VNTR clusters associated with NTM infections or cavity formation. Methodology: Sputum samples were obtained from 77 HIV-negative patients with pulmonary disease between 2009 and 2013. One M. intracellulare strain was isolated from each patient and genotyped using 16S rRNA and eight loci VNTR sequencing. Results: Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping identified seven point mutations at nucleotide positions 101, 178, 190, 252, 382, 443, and 490 in 16S rRNA, and four SNP patterns were identified: type 1 (16 strains), 2 (41 strains), 3 (11 strains), and 4 (1 strain); 5 strains had unique SNP patterns. VNTR genotyping identified VNTR12 as the most discriminating marker (allelic diversity 0.692). VNTR3 was the most homogeneous marker (allelic diversity 0.518), but each locus had high discriminating ability. The 77 strains were clustered according to the unpaired group method using arithmetic averages: cluster 1 (17 strains), 2 (43 strains), 3 (9 strains), and 4 (4 strains); 4strains had unique SNP patterns. Overall, over 90% strains were matched to similar SNP and VNTR groupings. VNTR clusters were associated with NTM infection (p =0.007) and presence of a cavity (p =0.042). Both methods distinguished four subtypes of M. intracellulare, which corresponded. Conclusions: VNTRs may represent an effective, user-friendly, low-cost typing technique.

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“…paraffinicum was first described in 1956 (124), but subsequently, its species status was considered illegitimate. The species was definitively revived in 2009 (125), on the basis of six strains.…”

Section: Mycobacterium Paraffinicummentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiological Features and Clinical Relevance of New Species of the Genus Mycobacterium

2014

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SUMMARY Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are present in the environment, mainly in water, and are occasionally responsible for opportunistic infections in humans. Despite the fact that NTM are characterized by a moderate pathogenicity, the diseases caused by NTM at various body sites are increasing on a worldwide level. Among over 150 officially recognized NTM species, only two or three dozen are familiar to clinicians, and even to most microbiologists. In this paper, approximately 50 new species described in the last 8 years are reviewed, and their role in human infections is assessed on the basis of reported clinical cases. The small number of reports concerning most of the “new” mycobacterial species is responsible for the widespread conviction that they are very rare. Their role is actually largely underestimated, mainly because they often remain unrecognized and misidentified. Aiming to minimize such bias, emphasis has been placed on more common identification pitfalls. Together with new NTM, new members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex described in the last few years are also an object of the present review.

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Revival and emended description of ‘Mycobacterium paraffinicum’ Davis, Chase and Raymond 1956 as Mycobacterium paraffinicum sp. nov., nom. rev.

Cited by 18 publications

References 38 publications

Non-tuberculous mycobacteria isolated from slaughter pigs in Mubende district, Uganda

Non-tuberculous mycobacteria isolated from slaughter pigs in Mubende district, Uganda

Variable-number tandem repeat markers for Mycobacterium intracellulare genotyping: comparison to the 16S rRNA gene sequencing

Microbiological Features and Clinical Relevance of New Species of the Genus Mycobacterium

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