Reviving Lithium‐Metal Anodes for Next‐Generation High‐Energy Batteries

Guo, Yanpeng; Li, Huiqiao; Zhai, Tianyou

doi:10.1002/adma.201700007

Cited by 1,012 publications

(666 citation statements)

References 234 publications

(172 reference statements)

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“…51 The powdery Li possesses a large surface area and thus a large tendency to catch fire if meet the air, which induces safety concerns. 36 The dead Li is covered by a thick SEI layer and its reactivity will be substantially reduced after many cycles. 52 Therefore, the less cycled Li−S batteries are more dangerous than the failed one.…”

Section: The Significance Of LI Metal Anode In Working Li−s Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…35 A very large proportion of Li−S pouch cells fail by the Li metal powdering and electrolyte depletion, which is usually induced by the uncontrolled Li dendrite growth. [36][37][38] In a Li−S battery, the lithium polysulfide (LiPS) intermediates generated in the cathode side can dissolve into the non-aqueous electrolyte, diffuse to the anode, and react with Li metal chemically. 39 The additional LiPSs make the Li metal anode protection in a Li−S battery with much more challenges.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Review—Li Metal Anode in Working Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

Cheng

Huang

Zhang

2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

253

170

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Due to the high theoretical energy density of 2600 Wh kg −1 , lithium-sulfur batteries are strongly regarded as the promising nextgeneration energy storage devices. However, the practical applications of lithium-sulfur batteries are challenged by several obstacles, including the low sulfur utilization and poor lifespan, which are partly attributed to the shuttle of lithium polysulfides and lithium dendrite growth in working lithium-sulfur batteries. Suppressing lithium dendrite growth is a necessary step not only for a safe and efficient Li metal anode, but also for a high capacity cell with a high Coulombic efficiency. Herein we review the lithium metal anode protection in a polysulfide-rich environment, relative to most reviews on lithium metal anode without considering the effect of lithium polysulfides in lithium metal batteries. Firstly, the importance and dilemma of Li metal anode issues in lithium-sulfur batteries are underscored, aiming to arouse the attentions to Li metal anode protection. Specific attentions are paid to the surface chemistry of Li metal anode in a polysulfide-rich lithium-sulfur battery. Next, the proposed strategies to stabilize solid electrolyte interface and protect Li metal anode are included. Finally, a general conclusion and a perspective on the current limitations, as well as recommended future research directions of Li metal anode in lithium-sulfur batteries are presented. The ever-increasing requirement for efficient and economic energy storage technologies has triggered the continued research into advanced battery systems.1 Lithium ion batteries, based on the lithium intercalation chemistry, have dominated the battery market since their commercial application in the 1990s.2 However, conventional lithium ion batteries are very expensive and their energy densities (theoretically, 350 − 500 Wh kg −1 , practically, 100 − 250 Wh kg −1 ) seem insufficient for long-range electrical vehicles and high-end portable electronics. These emerging demands have energized the evolution of other alternative rechargeable batteries with higher energy density and longer lifespan.3 Lithium−sulfur (Li−S) battery, a 'beyond Li-ion' technology, has drawn extensive attentions due to its high specific capacity (1675 mAh g −1 ) and energy density (2600 Wh kg −1 ). 4-6The greater energy storage ability of Li−S batteries is realized through the phase-transformation electrochemistry based on elemental sulfur cathode and metallic lithium anode [S 8 + 16Li ↔ 8Li 2 S], 7,8 which is fundamentally different from current transition metal-based cathodes and graphite-based anodes in Li-ion batteries.The conversion chemistry in a Li−S cell offers not only significant advantages as mentioned above, but also some critical challenges, such as the low conductivity of sulfur and lithium sulfide, the huge volumetric change from sulfur (71 mol L −1 ) to lithium sulfide (36 mol L −1 ), and the shuttle of long-chain polysulfide intermediates during discharge/charge cycling.9-12 Therefore, a composite cathode with sulfur in ...

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Section: The Significance Of LI Metal Anode In Working Li−s Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review—Li Metal Anode in Working Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

Cheng

Huang

Zhang

2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

253

170

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“…Therefore, exploring alternative anode materials with high capacity and good safety has attracted growing attention. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Transition metal oxides (TMOs) represent a promising family of high-capacity anode materials for LIBs. [17] Based on a conversion reaction mechanism, they are able to provide a specific capacity of 700-1000 mAh·g -1 , which is two to three times to that of graphite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailoring Iron Oxide Nanostructures for High-Capacity Lithium Storage

Yao¹,

Li²,

An³

et al. 2017

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Iron oxides, such as hematite (α-Fe2O3), maghemite (γ-Fe2O3), and magnetite (Fe3O4), have been considered as alternative anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to their high theoretical capacity, abundant reserves, low cost, and non-toxicity. However, their practical application has been hampered by the large volume expansion, which leads to rapid capacity fading. Nanostructure engineering has been demonstrated to be an effective avenue in tackling the volume variation issue and boosting the electrochemical performances. Herein, recent advances on nanostructure engineering of iron oxides for lithium storage are summarized. These nanostructures include 0D nanoparticles, 1D nanowires/nanorods/ nanofibers/nanotubes, 2D nanoflakes/nanosheets, as well as 3D porous/hollow/hierarchical architectures. The structureelectrochemical performance correlations are also discussed. It is believed that the performance optimization strategies summarized here might be extended to other high-capacity LIB anode materials.

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“…However, SEI layers are generally brittle and prone to cracking during cycling [207]. This cracking of the SEI layer can result in the growth of lithium dendrites and the constant consumption of electrolytes.…”

Section: Stabilization Of Sei Layersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, lithium metal anodes, the primary cause limiting the widespread commercial application of Li-S batteries, have attracted increasing attention in an attempt to better understand lithium metal chemistry and pursue better performing metallic lithium anodes [207]. Deficiencies that hinder the practical application of lithium metal anodes include the uncontrollable growth of lithium dendrites and the cracking of SEI layers on the anode, leading to serious safety concerns and decreased lithium metal battery Coulombic efficiencies and cycling life spans.…”

Section: Carbon-based Materials For Lithium Metal Anodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifunctionality of Carbon-based Frameworks in Lithium Sulfur Batteries

Tang

Hou

2018

Electrochem. Energ. Rev.

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Compared with conventional lithium ion batteries (LIBs), lithium sulfur (Li-S) batteries possess advantages such as higher theoretical energy densities and better cost efficiencies, making them promising next-generation energy storage systems. However, the commercialization of Li-S batteries is impeded by several drawbacks, including low cycling stabilities, limited sulfur utilizations, existing shuttle effects of polysulfide intermediates, serious safety concerns, as well as inferior cycling performances of lithium metal anodes. To address these issues, researchers have achieved rapid developments for sulfur cathodes and increased their attention to lithium metal anodes to facilitate the widespread application of Li-S batteries. And among the substrate materials for electrodes in Li-S batteries being developed, carbon-based materials have been especially promising because of their multifunctionality, demonstrating great potential for application in advanced energy storage and conversion systems. In this review, recent advancements of carbon-based frameworks applied to Li-S batteries will be summarized and diverse utilization methods of these carbon-based materials for both sulfur cathodes and lithium metal anodes will be provided. Future research directions and the prospects of Li-S batteries with high performance and practicability will also be discussed. Keywords

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Reviving Lithium‐Metal Anodes for Next‐Generation High‐Energy Batteries

Cited by 1,012 publications

References 234 publications

Review—Li Metal Anode in Working Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

Review—Li Metal Anode in Working Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

Tailoring Iron Oxide Nanostructures for High-Capacity Lithium Storage

Multifunctionality of Carbon-based Frameworks in Lithium Sulfur Batteries

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