Revolution and the Collective Action of the French, American, and English Legal Professions

The Entry of Women as Organic Professionals of Justice Systems: Reflections on Historical Records and Current Trends

“…In Burrage's studies on the matter, revolutionary ideals spreading during the American and French revolutions (Burrage, 1989) and political movements that occurred in the wake of the two World Wars favoured the emancipatory cause of women that we are now witnessing (Burrage, 2006). All in all -according to this author -economy, as such, was not a catalyst for the institutional changes that legal systems and legal expertise endured during and after such circumstances.…”

The practice of jurisdictionalizing: How engineers use documents to shape and maintain professional authority

“…A number of studies in the sociology of professions also point to the central role that political actors, especially the nation state, play in how professions and professional claims come to matter in society (e.g. Burrage, 1988; Burrage & Torstendahl, 1990; Johnson, 1995) and how both the nation state and the professions gain from the connections between them (e.g. Fielding & Portwood, 1980; Kuhlmann, Agartan, & Knorring, 2016).…”

Painting, Law and Professions, II: Paris Visual Academie and French Law

“…He fails to appreciate that this was consistent with the noblesse's long-standing truism that all members of its etat possessed "natural" gifts and insights, thus vertu, at birth. 7) Karpik cites evidence that the Ordre refuses to register on the Tableau sons of artisans who otherwise have satisfied all conditions of education and internship but whose social standing threatens the gentle aspirations of barristers (Burrage 1989:327 notes this in passing, and cites Kagan 1975 on Rennes doing the same thing). Yet Karpik dismisses this out of hand by saying that the evidence is slender, historians tend simply to cite the same sources, and the large number of barristers living in poverty (somehow) refutes this evidence.…”

“…A few sociologists draw attention to occupational and organizational advances made by French avocats (barristers), including during the ancien regime. Th ey acknowledge, of course, that the Revolution disrupted this trajectory and that professionalization in French law did not really resume until after 1830 (Bell 1997;Burrage 1989;Kagan 1975;Karpik 1995Karpik , 1997Siegrist 1989).…”