Rewriting the SES: Demographic patterns and divorcing families

Schneider, Jo Anne

doi:10.1016/0277-9536(86)90368-0

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…There were no significant differences in age at magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan or sex between the SZ patients and the HC. Subject and parental socioeconomic status were measured using the Hollingshead Two‐Factor Index, and total IQ was evaluated using the Japanese Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Revised. Compared to the HC group, the SZ patient group had a poorer socioeconomic status ( P < 0.001) and lower IQ ( P < 0.001).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of NRG1 genotypes on orbitofrontal sulcogyral patterns in Japanese patients diagnosed with schizophrenia

Yoshimi

Suda

Hayano

et al. 2016

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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Aim: Numerous reports have described differences in the distribution of orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) sulcogyral patterns between patients with schizophrenia (SZ patients) and healthy controls (HC). Alterations in OFC morphology are also observed in those at high risk for developing SZ and in firstepisode SZ, suggesting that genetic associations may be extant in determining OFC sulcogyral patterns. We investigated the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in NRG1 and OFC sulcogyral patterns.Methods: A total of 59 Japanese patients diagnosed with SZ and 60 HC were scanned on a 1.5-T magnet. Patients were also assessed clinically. OFC sulcogyral patterns were evaluated for each participant, and genotyping was performed for four SNP in NRG1 (SNP8NRG243177, SNP8NRG221533, SNP8NRG241930, and rs1081062).Results: There were significant differences in the distribution of OFC sulcogyral patterns between SZ patients and HC (χ 2 = 6.52, P = 0.038). SZ patients showed an increase in the frequency of Type III expression, which was associated with an earlier age of disease onset (β = −0.302, F = 4.948, P = 0.030). Although no difference was found in genotype frequencies between SZ patients and HC, an NRG1 SNP, SNP8NRG243177, was associated with Type II expression in SZ patients (β = 0.237, F = 4.120, P = 0.047). Conclusion:Our results suggest that OFC sulcogyral pattern formation in schizophrenia may be associated with NRG1 allele frequency, which is closely related to neurodevelopment.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of NRG1 genotypes on orbitofrontal sulcogyral patterns in Japanese patients diagnosed with schizophrenia

Yoshimi

Suda

Hayano

et al. 2016

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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“…In addition, none of their first‐degree relatives had axis I disorders. The SES of all subjects and their parents was assessed using the method developed by Hollingshead 24 . For cognitive associations, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Revised (WAIS‐R; full‐scale IQ) was also evaluated.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexually dimorphic distribution of orbitofrontal sulcogyral pattern in schizophrenia

Uehara-Aoyama

Nakamura

Asami

et al. 2011

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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Aim: The sulcogyral pattern of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is characterized by a remarkable inter‐individual variability that likely reflects neurobehavioral traits and genetic aspects of neurodevelopment. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the OFC sulcogyral pattern of patients with schizophrenia (SZ) and healthy controls (HC) to determine group differences in OFC sulcogyral pattern as well as gender differences between groups. Methods: Forty‐seven SZ patients (M/F, 23/24) and forty‐seven HC (M/F, 17/30), matched on age and gender, were analyzed using magnetic resonance imaging. The sulcogyral pattern was classified into type I, II, or III based on the guidelines set by Chiavaras and Petrides in a previous paper. Chi‐squared analysis was used to investigate group and gender differences in the sulcogyral pattern distribution, and categorical regression was used to explore clinical correlations. Results: The distribution of OFC sulcogyral pattern in HC replicated the results found in the previous study (left, χ2 = 0.02, P = 0.989; right, χ2 = 0.97, P = 0.616), in that there were no gender differences. Moreover, the distribution in SZ‐M was in accordance with that in the previous study (left, χ2 = 1.59, P = 0.451; right, χ2 = 0.14, P = 0.933). Additionally, within SZ‐M, patients with the type III pattern had a higher total positive and negative syndrome scale score (β = 0.902, F = 14.75, P = 0.001). In contrast, the distribution in the right hemisphere in the SZ‐F group differed significantly from that observed in SZ‐M (χ2 = 6.017, P = 0.046), but did not differ from HC (χ2 = 2.557, P = 0.110). Conclusion: OFC sulcogyral pattern is altered in SZ‐M but not in SZ‐F, possibly reflecting gender differences in early neurodevelopment.

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“…An adaptation of the Hollingshead Four Factor Index of Social Status (as described in Schneider, 1986) was used to classify respondents' occupations and educational experiences. There were statistically significant differences in the occupations of the respondents.…”

Section: Demographic Characteristics Of the Familiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Home Literacy Experiences of Preschoolers Enrolled in Head Start and Special Education Programs

Marvin

Mirenda²

1993

Journal of Early Intervention

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A survey was constructed to gather information concerning the home literacy experiences of preschool children enrolled in Head Start and early childhood special education classrooms. A total of 291 surveys were analyzed, representing 95 children considered at risk, 166 children with special education needs, and 28 peer models who had no developmental delays or disabilities. The results indicated a number of differences across the three groups regarding the priority placed on literacy at home, the ways in which children were involved in reading and writing activities, the amount of progress they were thought to have made in the past year, and the future expectations of the respondents in this area. Overall, the respondents for children with special education needs appeared to place the lowest priority on literacy development and have the lowest expectations in this regard. These respondents also reported providing fewer types of early literacy experiences to the children at home. Possible explanations are provided for the results. Implications for early childhood special education (ECSE) personnel are discussed.There has been a recent upsurge of attention to literacy development in young children over the past decade, due in large measure to concerns about the high rate of illiteracy in the adult population. Estimates of the problem indicate that in the United States approximately 20% of adults/high school graduates have difficulty with common reading tasks; 13% cannot read at all (Applebee, Langer, & Mullis, 1986; Ferraro, 1986; National Assessment of Educational Progress, 1985). The data for school-age individuals suggest that this problem continues in the current generation of adolescents; for example, it appears that 40% of 13-year-olds in U.S. schools are unsuccessful at grade-level reading assignments (Stedman & Kaestle, 1987). These statistics suggest that the literacy experiences offered to many children in school or home settings may be inadequate or misdirected.Some of the environmental factors that appear to be correlated with reading acquisition in young children include socioeconomic level

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Rewriting the SES: Demographic patterns and divorcing families

Cited by 14 publications

References 4 publications

Effects of NRG1 genotypes on orbitofrontal sulcogyral patterns in Japanese patients diagnosed with schizophrenia

Effects of NRG1 genotypes on orbitofrontal sulcogyral patterns in Japanese patients diagnosed with schizophrenia

Sexually dimorphic distribution of orbitofrontal sulcogyral pattern in schizophrenia

Home Literacy Experiences of Preschoolers Enrolled in Head Start and Special Education Programs

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