The purpose of this study was to systematically review the available evidence on lumbar paraspinal compartment syndrome with specific reference to patient demographics, aetiology, types, diagnosis, clinical features, and treatment. This was an Institutional Review Boardexempt study performed at a Level 1 trauma center. A PubMed search was conducted with the title query: lumbar paraspinal compartment syndrome. Eleven articles met our search criteria. Three of the patients with acute paraspinal compartmental syndrome treated with fasciotomy had a full recovery and were able to resume skiing after four months.