Rhamnogalacturonan-I enriched pectin from steamed ginseng ameliorates lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetic rats via gut microbiota and AMPK pathway

Ren, Ting; Liu, Furao; Wang, Dongxue; Li, Bo; Jiangv, Peng; Li, Junming; Li, Hui; Chen, Changbao; Wu, Wei; Jiao, Lili

doi:10.1016/j.jep.2022.115862

Cited by 19 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…First, in hepatocytes, Panax ginseng treatment suppressed NAFLD-induced cellular stress responses, such as oxidative stress [ 23 , 50 ], ER stress [ 35 , 47 ], and mitochondrial dysfunction [ 26 ]. In addition, the administration of Panax ginseng has beneficial effects on hepatic energy metabolism by activating AMP-activated protein kinase [ 22 , 29 , 56 , 58 ] but inhibiting the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 [ 37 ], resulting in the normalization of hepatic glucose [ 30 ] and lipid metabolism [ 32 , 33 , 34 , 41 ] in NAFLD. In the hepatic microenvironment, Panax ginseng reduced inflammatory responses by preventing activation of the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), thereby suppressing gene and protein expression levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α [ 35 , 36 , 38 , 49 , 55 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the extrahepatic milieu, Panax ginseng rebounded adiponectin production by adipocytes [ 53 ] and restricted the expansion of adipose tissue by inhibiting angiogenesis [ 24 ]. In addition, recent studies have suggested that the beneficial roles of Panax ginseng on hepatic lipid metabolism may be derived from the modulation of the gut microbiome [ 51 , 57 , 58 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…( A ) A graph of the risk in the bias of included studies. ( B ) A summary of the risk of bias in the included studies [ 7 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 ].…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“… The effect of Panax ginseng on the levels of liver injury markers in NAFLD-induced animals. Forest plots for comparison: ( A ) Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels [ 7 , 19 , 20 , 23 , 24 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 52 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 58 ]. ( B ) Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels [ 19 , 23 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 44 , 45 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 ...…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

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The Efficacy of Panax ginseng for the Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Preclinical Studies

et al. 2023

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Although tremendous research has reported the protective effects of natural compounds in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), there is still no approved drug. This study aimed to examine the efficacy of Panax ginseng in NAFLD in preclinical studies. A total of 41 studies were identified by searching the PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases. The methodological quality was assessed by the risk of bias tool from the Systematic Review Center for Laboratory Animal Experimentation. The standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval was calculated, and the random effects model was used to examine overall efficacy or heterogeneity. The publication bias was analyzed by Egger’s test. The results showed that Panax ginseng treatment significantly reduced the systemic levels of alanine aminotransferase (SMD: −2.15 IU/L; p < 0.0001), aspartate aminotransferase (SMD: −2.86 IU/L; p < 0.0001), triglyceride (SMD: −2.86 mg/dL; p < 0.0001), total cholesterol (SMD: −1.69 mg/dL; p < 0.0001), low-density lipoprotein (SMD: −1.46 mg/dL; p < 0.0001), and fasting glucose (SMD: −1.45 mg/dL; p < 0.0001) while increasing high-density lipoprotein (SMD: 1.22 mg/dL; p = 0.0002) in NAFLD regardless of animal models or species. These findings may suggest that Panax ginseng is a promising therapeutic agent for NAFLD treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Efficacy of Panax ginseng for the Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Preclinical Studies

et al. 2023

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“…It has a significant hypoglycemic effect and is not affected by the hypofunction of pancreatic β cells and the degree of IR. Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous clinical entity, characterized by high blood glucose levels or hyperglycaemia, accompanied by “polydipsia”, “polyphagia” and “emaciation” symptoms [ 30 , 31 ]. Low glucose tolerance is a necessary stage in the development of diabetes and is also regarded as the gold standard for the diagnosis of diabetes [ 32 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anemoside B4 Exerts Hypoglycemic Effect by Regulating the Expression of GLUT4 in HFD/STZ Rats

Gong

Yin²,

Wang³

et al. 2023

Molecules

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Anemoside B4 (B4) is a saponin that is extracted from Pulsatilla chinensis (Bge.), and Regel exhibited anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, and immunomodulatory activities. However, its hypoglycemic activity in diabetes mellitus has not been evaluated. Here, we explored the effect of B4 on hyperglycemia and studied its underlying mechanism of lowering blood glucose based on hyperglycemic rats in vivo and L6 skeletal muscle cells (L6) in vitro. The rats were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for one month, combined with an intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) to construct the animal model, and the drug was administrated for two weeks. Blood glucose was detected and the proteins and mRNA were expressed. Our study showed that B4 significantly diminished fasting blood glucose (FBG) and improved glucose metabolism. In addition, B4 facilitated glucose utilization in L6 cells. B4 could enhance the expression of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in rat skeletal muscle and L6 cells. Mechanistically, B4 elevated the inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathways. Furthermore, we confirmed the effect of B4 on glucose uptake involved in the enhancement of GLUT4 expression in part due to PI3K/AKT signaling by using a small molecule inhibitor assay and constructing a GLUT4 promoter plasmid. Taken together, our study found that B4 ameliorates hyperglycemia through the PI3K/AKT pathway and promotes GLUT4 initiation, showing a new perspective of B4 as a potential agent against diabetes.

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Macro insights into the shared and distinct regulations of dietary polysaccharides on gut microbiota and their roles in obesity

Xie,

Huang,

Cai

et al. 2023

Food Safety and Health

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Obesity has emerged as a global health epidemic, demanding a comprehensive understanding of its etiology and potential interventions. Recent studies have highlighted the crucial role of gut microbiota in maintaining host health. Additionally, dietary polysaccharides (DP), such as pectic polysaccharides, sulfated polysaccharides, glucan‐like polysaccharides, and fructan‐like polysaccharides, have been identified as crucial regulators that influence gut microbial composition, function, and metabolite production, thereby improving obesity and mitigating its complications. This review comprehensively summarizes the latest findings regarding the sources and structural characteristics of different DP, their shared and distinct effects on gut microbiota and associated metabolites, and the consequent influence on obesity and its complications. By unraveling the complex interplay among DP, gut microbiota, and obesity‐related outcomes, we strive to offer valuable insights that can inform the development of precise dietary interventions and therapeutic strategies aimed at tackling obesity and enhancing public health.

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Rhamnogalacturonan-I enriched pectin from steamed ginseng ameliorates lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetic rats via gut microbiota and AMPK pathway

Cited by 19 publications

References 48 publications

The Efficacy of Panax ginseng for the Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Preclinical Studies

The Efficacy of Panax ginseng for the Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Preclinical Studies

Anemoside B4 Exerts Hypoglycemic Effect by Regulating the Expression of GLUT4 in HFD/STZ Rats

Macro insights into the shared and distinct regulations of dietary polysaccharides on gut microbiota and their roles in obesity

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