Rhamnogalacturonan-II, a pectic polysaccharide in the walls of growing plant cell, forms a dimer that is covalently cross-linked by a borate ester. In vitro conditions for the formation and hydrolysis of the dimer.

O’Neill, Malcolm A.; Warrenfeltz, Dennis; Kates, Keith; Pellerin, Patrice; Doco, Thierry; Darvill, Alan G.; Albersheim, Peter

doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)78458-0

Cited by 17 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…RG-II is a pectic polysaccharide of high structural complexity, consisting of an HG backbone with four distinct side chains (A–D) composed of 12 different monosaccharides [ 20 ]. RG-II exists predominantly as a dimer in which the HG backbones of the RG-II polysaccharides are covalently linked via borate diester crosslinks, yielding a macromolecular pectin network [ 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Biosynthesis and Modification Of Pectinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RG-II exists predominantly as a dimer in which the HG backbones of the RG-II polysaccharides are covalently linked via borate diester crosslinks, yielding a macromolecular pectin network [ 21 , 22 ]. In vitro experiments showed that RG-II dimerization at pH 3–4 is faster in the presence of divalent cations such Sr 2+ , Ba 2+ , and Pb 2+ [ 20 , 23 ]. Although neither a specific enzyme that catalyzes the borate crosslinking of RG-II nor a putative GT for RG-II biosynthesis has been identified, the biological importance of maintaining the structural integrity of RG-II was demonstrated [ 24 ].…”

Section: Biosynthesis and Modification Of Pectinmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Advances in Understanding the Roles of Pectin as an Active Participant in Plant Signaling Networks

Shin

Chane

Jung

et al. 2021

Plants

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Pectin is an abundant cell wall polysaccharide with essential roles in various biological processes. The structural diversity of pectins, along with the numerous combinations of the enzymes responsible for pectin biosynthesis and modification, plays key roles in ensuring the specificity and plasticity of cell wall remodeling in different cell types and under different environmental conditions. This review focuses on recent progress in understanding various aspects of pectin, from its biosynthetic and modification processes to its biological roles in different cell types. In particular, we describe recent findings that cell wall modifications serve not only as final outputs of internally determined pathways, but also as key components of intercellular communication, with pectin as a major contributor to this process. The comprehensive view of the diverse roles of pectin presented here provides an important basis for understanding how cell wall-enclosed plant cells develop, differentiate, and interact.

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Section: Biosynthesis and Modification Of Pectinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biosynthesis and Modification Of Pectinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Understanding the Roles of Pectin as an Active Participant in Plant Signaling Networks

Shin

Chane

Jung

et al. 2021

Plants

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“…Breeding Science Preview BS growing tissues and for pollen tube growth and elongation (O'Neill et al 1996).…”

Section: Cskdo Involves Lethality Mutation In Cucumbermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results obtained in the present study showed that cucumber CsKDO was a nuclear localization, which is different from its homologous from other crops including Arabidopsis AT1G53000 gene, indicating that functions between CsKDO and its homologous might be different, which might be caused by their localization differences. RG-II is a pectin molecule that is present in the primary cell wall of plants, it exist in the form of dimer, which is cross-linked by the borate diester bond between two arachidonic residues, containing 12 different glycosyl residues including aceric acid, apiose, 3-deoxy-D-lyxo-hept-2ulosaric acid 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (KDO) and so on (Bar-Peled et al 2012, Kobayashi et al 1996, O'Neill et al 1996, 2004, Zhao et al 2020. The synthesis of dimer promotes the formation of pectin network, which promotes the mechanical properties of the primary wall and is necessary for the normal growth and development of plants, the absence of this dimer will lead to abnormal biochemical and biomechanical properties of the cell wall, even affect the productivity of plants (Julien et al 2018).…”

Section: Previewmentioning

confidence: 99%

<i>CsKDO</i> is a candidate gene regulating seed germination lethality in cucumber

et al. 2021

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Seed germination plays an important role in the initial stage of plant growth. However, few related studies focused on lethality after seed germination in plants. In this study, we identified an Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis mutant Csleth with abnormal seed germination in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). The radicle of the Csleth mutant grew slowly and detached from the cotyledon until 14 d after sowing. Genetic analysis showed that the mutant phenotype of Csleth was controlled by a single recessive gene. MutMap + and Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) genotyping results demonstrated that Csa3G104930 encoding 3deoxy-manno-octulosonate cytidylyltransferase (CsKDO) was the candidate gene of the Csleth mutant. The transition mutation of aspartate occurred in Csa3G104930 co-segregated with the phenotyping data. CsKDO was highly expressed in male flowers in wild type cucumbers. Subcellular localization results showed that CsKDO was located in the nucleus. Overall, these results suggest CsKDO regulates lethality during seed germination in cucumber.

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“…Figure 3B summarizes the cell wall biosynthesis pathways, including precursors, intermediates, and the building blocks of cell wall components, together with the genes involved in the process. Cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin constitute about 90% of cell wall mass (Albersheim et al, 1996;Held et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross species multi-omics reveals cell wall sequestration and elevated global transcription as mechanisms of boron tolerance in plants

Wang

DiTusa

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Boron toxicity is a worldwide problem for crop production, yet we have only a limited understanding of the genetic responses and adaptive mechanisms to this environmental stress in plants. Here we identified responses to excess boron in boron stress-sensitive Arabidopsis thaliana and its boron stress-tolerant extremophyte relative Schrenkiella parvula using comparative genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and ionomics. S. parvula maintains a lower level of total boron and free boric acid in its roots and shoots and sustains growth for longer durations than A. thaliana when grown with excess boron. S. parvula likely excludes boron more efficiently than A. thaliana, which we propose is partly driven by BOR5, a boron transporter that we functionally characterized in the current study. Both species allocate significant transcriptomic and metabolomic resources to enable their cell walls to serve as a partial sink for excess boron, particularly discernable in A. thaliana shoots. We provide evidence that the S. parvula transcriptome is pre-adapted to boron toxicity, exhibiting substantial overlap with the boron-stressed transcriptome of A. thaliana. Our transcriptomic and metabolomics data also suggest that RNA metabolism is a primary target of boron toxicity. Cytoplasmic boric acid likely forms complexes with ribose and ribose-containing compounds critical to RNA and other primary metabolic functions. A model depicting some of the cellular responses that enable a plant to grow in the presence of normally toxic levels of boron is presented.

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Rhamnogalacturonan-II, a pectic polysaccharide in the walls of growing plant cell, forms a dimer that is covalently cross-linked by a borate ester. In vitro conditions for the formation and hydrolysis of the dimer.

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Recent Advances in Understanding the Roles of Pectin as an Active Participant in Plant Signaling Networks

Recent Advances in Understanding the Roles of Pectin as an Active Participant in Plant Signaling Networks

<i>CsKDO</i> is a candidate gene regulating seed germination lethality in cucumber

Cross species multi-omics reveals cell wall sequestration and elevated global transcription as mechanisms of boron tolerance in plants

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