Rheokinetic characterization of polyurethane formation in a highly filled composite solid propellant

Santhosh, G.; Reshmi, S.; Nair, C. P. Reghunadhan

doi:10.1007/s10973-019-08793-6

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…FT-IR spectroscopy was utilized to quantify the extent of HTPB reaction with IPDI to polyurethane [117,118]. The relative ratio of absorbance of the FT-IR bands at 1710 cm À 1 (À C=O stretching of urethane) with that of the peak at 966 cm À 1 [À C=C-(trans) vibration of HTPB], i. e., A 1710 /A 966 was compared, and the extent of urethane content was calculated [119,130]. FT-IR was used in combination with NMR [131].…”

Section: Infrared Spectroscopy (Ft-ir)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of Hydroxyl‐Terminal Polybutadiene (HTPB) and Its Use as a Liner and Binder for Composite Propellants: A Review of Recent Advances

Amado

Ross

Murakami

et al. 2022

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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This paper reviews hydroxyl-terminal polybutadiene (HTPB) used as liner and binder for composite propellants, applied in rocket motors studied throughout the last decades, emphasizing the recent advances. The contribution aims to show the importance of HTPB in the propellant composition and on the liner coating of the rocket motor, which is in contact with the propellant grain. This paper also shows that many researchers have thoroughly studied several properties of HTPB, which are rele-vant to its role in liners and propellants. We have also reviewed analytical techniques such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) as a characterization technique for HTPB and HTPB-based polyurethanes. Reflection and transfectants FTIR may be a future trend in studies about polymeric matrices for liners and propellants, and in the area of propellant formulations that use energetic binders, graphene and nanomaterials.

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Section: Infrared Spectroscopy (Ft-ir)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of Hydroxyl‐Terminal Polybutadiene (HTPB) and Its Use as a Liner and Binder for Composite Propellants: A Review of Recent Advances

Amado

Ross

Murakami

et al. 2022

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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“…Many methods are employed to the PU polymerization kinetics, broadly classi ed into two groups: (i) indirect methods, which measure a physical property functionally related to the extent of the reaction, such as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), rheometry and viscometry; (ii) direct methods, which measure the concentration of a reactant or product species, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), titration, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) [9][10][11][12]. Nevertheless, the very high viscosity and fast gel formation observed when the urethane conversion reaches a signi cant level brings analytical problems to direct methods, limiting their use [15] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Activation energy values for the polymerization are in the 45 − 55 kJ/mol range [18,19], considered an autocatalytic reaction mechanism [12], in which the monomer acts as a catalyst for the reaction, increasing the conversion rate. The most used autocatalytic models in these studies were Prout-Tompkins and Kamal-Sourour [14,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They have found a signi cant contribution of the autocatalytic effect during the formation of the urethane group, which is noticeable for reactive systems at elevated curing temperatures. Santhos et al [12] evaluated the curing kinetics of a composite propellant based on ammonium perchlorate, hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB), and tolylene diisocyanate system using rheometry under isothermal conditions (60-70°C). They reported that the reaction follows rst-order kinetics with an activation energy value of ~ 48.3 kJ/mol in a single autocatalytic step [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Santhos et al [12] evaluated the curing kinetics of a composite propellant based on ammonium perchlorate, hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB), and tolylene diisocyanate system using rheometry under isothermal conditions (60-70°C). They reported that the reaction follows rst-order kinetics with an activation energy value of ~ 48.3 kJ/mol in a single autocatalytic step [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of the aramid pulp on the physicochemical, viscoelastic properties and rheokinetics of polyurethanes

Cruz

Amico²,

Bianchi³

2022

J Polym Res

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This publication highlights the effect of aramid pulp (1 wt.%) on equilibrium swelling, enthalpy reaction, solid viscoelastic properties, and rheokinetics of castor oil (CO) and polyether (PE) polyol blend (50/50 CO/PE) with polymeric isocyanate (pMDI). The CO-pMDI system showed a lower solubility parameter difference (Δδ i ) than the PE-pMDI and CO/PE-pMDI. Crosslink density values ν e are higher for CO-pMDI, and when added to aramid pulp, there is a slight increase due to the possible restriction of swollen volume. Regarding the pseudo-solid behavior, AP restricts the macromolecular movement and confers reinforcing characteristics to PU systems. The Prout-Tompkins autocatalytic model satisfactorily described the reactions, resulting in activation energy values E a within 45−54 kJ/mol. However, for the CO/PE blend, the difference between the reactivity of the polyols and the solubility parameter with pMDI results in a two-step reaction kinetics. Aramid pulp practically does not change the reaction mechanism, only the viscosity of the medium. Furthermore, the thermodynamic parameters (ΔS* and ΔH*) indicated that the PU with AP resulted in more ordered complexes. The adequate description of the polymerization reaction and the effect of the aramid pulp allowed obtaining PU formulations with tunable characteristics for strict composite processing composites.

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Recent Advances in the Chemorheological Behavior of Biobased Polyurethane Nanocomposites

Matías

2024

Chemical Physics of Polymer Nanocomposites

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Rheokinetic characterization of polyurethane formation in a highly filled composite solid propellant

Cited by 20 publications

References 39 publications

Properties of Hydroxyl‐Terminal Polybutadiene (HTPB) and Its Use as a Liner and Binder for Composite Propellants: A Review of Recent Advances

Properties of Hydroxyl‐Terminal Polybutadiene (HTPB) and Its Use as a Liner and Binder for Composite Propellants: A Review of Recent Advances

Effect of the aramid pulp on the physicochemical, viscoelastic properties and rheokinetics of polyurethanes

Recent Advances in the Chemorheological Behavior of Biobased Polyurethane Nanocomposites

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