The monolayer properties of two different sphingomyelin samples
from bovine milk (one pure with
respect to sphingomyelin (>99%) and one sphingolipid fraction
containing 68% sphingomyelin) at the
air/water interface and the interaction between the lipid monolayer and
xanthine oxidase (XO) from the
milk fat globule membrane were investigated by the film balance
technique. For comparison, similar
measurements were performed on distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC)
monolayers. Bovine milk
sphingomyelin formed monolayers comparable with those of other natural
sphingomyelins. A liquid-condensed phase transition at 20−22 mN/m reflected the high amount of
long saturated fatty acids, as
in the case for monolayers of egg sphingomyelin. Monolayers of
bovine milk sphingomyelin were metastable,
as opposed to those of DSPC. The observed decrease in surface area
with time at constant pressure
indicated that dissolution/expulsion into the subphase took place.
A pure sphingomyelin monolayer was
significantly more stable at a surface pressure of 10 mN/m than at 20
mN/m. The discontinuity in the
surface area change versus time and the low solubility of the lipid
show that the instability cannot be
explained by simple desorption of lipid monomers. The presence of
XO in the subphase increased the
maximal surface pressure at an area per molecule of sphingomyelin of 30
Å2 (maximal compression) by
15 mN/m for the sphingolipid sample and 20 mN/m for pure sphingomyelin,
indicating a stabilization of
sphingomyelin monolayers in the presence of XO at high surface
pressure. This effect was not observed
for DSPC monolayers, which suggests a specific interaction between
sphingomyelin and XO.