Rheological and mechanical behavior of LDPE/calcium carbonate nanocomposites and microcomposites

Mantia, Francesco Paolo La; Morreale, Margherita; Scaffaro, R.; Tulone, Simona

doi:10.1002/app.37875

Cited by 41 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…However, it is known from the Literature that they are able to protect against thermal-oxidation during the processing [9,11,14,17], but they have only an indirect influence on the photo-oxidation behaviour (for instance, by interfering with the formation of double bonds), which could be seen only as far as the final conditions are concerned, while the mechanisms and paths are not altered; furthermore, all of the systems prepared and investigated here contain practically the same amount of antioxidants, therefore their presence does not influence the comparisons. The nanosized fillers were a precipitated calcium carbonate, supplied by Solvay (Belgium) under the commercial name of Socal ® 31 (in the following indicated as S31), with a calcite rhombohedral crystal structure, cube-like crystal shape and a mean particle diameter 50-100 nm [21], and a montmorillonite clay produced by Southern Clay Products (USA) and commercialized as Cloisite ® 15A (further indicated as CL15A; modified with dimethyldihydrogenated tallow-quaternary ammonium chloride quaternary surfactant; quaternary concentration = 12 meq·(100 g) -1 clay; d 001 = 3.15 nm; density = 1.66 g·cm -3 ). The coupling agent was a polypropylene grafted with maleic anhydride (PPgMA), supplied by Sigma Aldrich (USA), with maleic anhydride content 8-10 wt% and melting temperature = 156°C.…”

Section: Experimental 21 Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerated weathering of PP based nanocomposites: Effect of the presence of maleic anhydryde grafted polypropylene

Morreale¹,

Dintcheva²,

Mantia³

2013

Express Polym. Lett.

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The use of nanometric-scale sized fillers for the preparation of thermoplastic polymer composites is of topical interest in the academia, because of the significant improvements achievable in terms of technological properties, such as the elastic modulus, the tensile strength, the barrier properties, the flexural modulus [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. These enhancements are promising and attracting also the interest from industrial world, in sight of several applications which could benefit from them. On the other hand, it is known [3] that polymer based nanocomposites have been struggling to conquer mainstream volume market shares, and this can be attributed to some weaknesses. One of these is represented by their environmental stability, especially when outdoor applications (i.e. furnishing, building, packaging, automotive) are concerned. It is known from the literature that polymer/silicate nanocomposites can show significant effects due to photo-oxidation (in particular, higher photo-oxidation rates and thus reduction of the mechanical prop- Abstract. Polymer nanocomposites are currently a topic of great interest. The increasing importance they are gaining also in the standpoint of industrial applications, is giving concerns regarding their environmental stability and, in general, their behaviour in outdoor applications, under direct solar irradiation. Papers available in the literature have highlighted the different influences of different nanosized fillers, in particular clay-based nanofillers; however, few data are available regarding other nanosized fillers. Furthermore, the research on polymer nanocomposites has clearly pointed out that the use of compatibilizers is required to improve the mechanical performance and the dispersion of polar fillers inside apolar polymer matrices, especially when complex mechanisms such as intercalation and exfoliation, typical of clay-filled nanocomposites, are involved. In this work, the photo-oxidation behaviour of polypropylene/clay and polypropylene/calcium carbonate nanocomposites containing different amounts of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PPgMA) and subjected to accelerated weathering, was investigated. The results showed significant differences between the two nanofillers and different degradation behaviours in presence of the compatibilizer. In particular, PPgMA modified the dispersion of the nanofillers but, on the other hand, higher amounts proved to lead to the formation of some heterogeneities. Furthermore, PPgMA proved to positively affect the photo-oxidation behaviour by decreasing the rate of formation of the degradation products.

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Section: Experimental 21 Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerated weathering of PP based nanocomposites: Effect of the presence of maleic anhydryde grafted polypropylene

Morreale¹,

Dintcheva²,

Mantia³

2013

Express Polym. Lett.

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“…According to the literature, the use of nanometric fillers for polymer/based composites allows obtaining some remarkable improvements in comparison to the neat polymer matrices. These can include enhancements of technological properties such as the elastic modulus, the tensile strength, the barrier properties and these results are even more interesting since they can be achieved upon using small filler amounts . Furthermore, polymer nanocomposites are reported to be attracting an increasing interest from the industry …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling and Thermomechanical Degradation of LDPE/Modified Clay Nanocomposites

Mantia

Mistretta

Morreale

2013

Macromol. Mater. Eng.

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The special features of polymer nanocomposites are continually gaining interest both in academia and in industry. The latter is especially experiencing an increase in interest towards this class of polymer composites, and this is leading to the first concerns about their reprocessing and reciclability.Here, a systematic study on the behavior of LDPE/Cloisite 15A systems upon reprocessing in a single-screw extruder is described, focusing on rheological, mechanical, and morphological properties changes. The investigated systems show a very complex thermomechanical degradation behavior, with the degradation of the clay modifier and different degradation paths involving the polymer matrix; all of them depend, in different ways, on the specific processing conditions.

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“…1,2,5,[8][9][10][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] Chan et al 9 reported an enhancement in mechanical properties. In their work, the good filler dispersion has resulted in significant enhancement in elastic modulus of the nanocomposites (approximately 85%), while the ultimate stress and the yield stress and strain were not strongly affected by the presence of nano-CaCO 3 particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Rheological and mechanical properties of polypropylene/calcium carbonate nanocomposites prepared from masterbatch

Chafidz

Kaavessina

Al‐Zahrani

et al. 2014

Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials

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Polypropylene (PP)/calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) nanocomposites were prepared from masterbatch by melt blending in a twin-screw extruder. The effect of three different nano-CaCO 3 loadings (5, 10, and 15 wt%) on the rheological/viscoelastic and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites was investigated. A scanning electron microscopy was used to study the morphology of the nanocomposites, whereas a differential scanning calorimetry was used to analyze the thermal properties. The rheological properties were characterized using an oscillatory rheometer, and the mechanical properties were characterized by a tensile test machine. In the melt rheological study, a frequency sweep test showed that the complex viscosity Ã j j, the storage modulus (G 0 ), and the loss modulus (G 00 ) of the nanocomposites increased with nano-CaCO 3 loading. The increase in Ã j j was approximately 1.4-1.9 times greater than that of the PP matrix. Shearthinning behavior was also observed for the nanocomposite samples. Additionally, the relaxation time spectrum and the relaxation modulus, G(t), were determined by fitting experimental data (G 0 and G 00 ) using the Maxwell element method via numerical analysis. The results showed that the time required for stress relaxation of the nanocomposites was longer than that of the matrix. In the solid viscoelastic study, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis results showed that the G 0 value of the nanocomposites increased by approximately 15-25% compared with that of neat PP. The tensile test results showed an improvement in the tensile modulus and toughness (especially at 10 and 15 wt%), Downloaded from while the tensile strength showed a moderate decrease. On the other hand, the incorporation of nano-CaCO 3 in the PP matrix has enhanced the overall flexural and Izod impact properties of the nanocomposites.

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Rheological and mechanical behavior of LDPE/calcium carbonate nanocomposites and microcomposites

Cited by 41 publications

References 49 publications

Accelerated weathering of PP based nanocomposites: Effect of the presence of maleic anhydryde grafted polypropylene

Accelerated weathering of PP based nanocomposites: Effect of the presence of maleic anhydryde grafted polypropylene

Recycling and Thermomechanical Degradation of LDPE/Modified Clay Nanocomposites

Rheological and mechanical properties of polypropylene/calcium carbonate nanocomposites prepared from masterbatch

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