Rheological and thermophysical properties of ultra-stable kerosene-based Fe3O4/Graphene nanofluids for energy conservation

Review on the recent progress in the preparation and stability of graphene-based nanofluids

“…The disadvantage of this technique is the time-consuming of the separation and purification process. MHM has been used by several research groups for the synthesis of GO [66][67][68][69].…”

“…Oleylamine [133] ZPT N/A N/A [135] ZPT, UV-Vis~ 60 days Gum arabic, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate [136] ZPT N/A N/A [139] UV-Vis~ 200 days Triton X-100 [76] SPC~ 30 days N/A [142] ZPT~ 45 days N/A [143] ZPT N/A N/A [77] ZPT, DLS N/A N/A [78] ZPT N/A N/A [65] UV-Vis~ 1 week N/A [54] ZPT N/A Gum arabic, Tween 80, CTAB, Triton X100, Acumer Terpolymer [80] UV-Vis~ 10 days Triton X-100 [147] UV-Vis~ 10 days N/A [74] ZPT N/A N/A [149] SEM 12 h N/A [156] SPC~ 30 days N/A [157] ZPT, UV-Vis~ 2 weeks N/A [158] ZPT N/A N/A [64] SPC, UV-Vis~ 2 weeks N/A [159] UV-Vis~ 60 days N/A [161] UV-Vis~ 528 h N/A [162] UV-Vis~ 15 days Sodium deoxycholate [66] UV-Vis > 5 months N/A [67] UV-Vis, ZPT N/A N/A in an ammonia solution. Grinding can be utilized to enhance significantly the dispersibility property in BF water [207].…”

“…They will be attached or grafted to the surfaces of the particles, producing an additional steric repulsive barrier to prevent the particle from coming close to each other [216,217]. For instance, Askari et al [66] grafted oleic acid on the surface of Fe 3 O 4 -decorated graphene nanoparticles by chemisorption and the nanofluids have good stability. GNPs nanofluids are very stable on account of the protective role of oleylamine, as it prevents the growth and agglomeration of nanoparticles by the steric effect.…”

A review on thermo-physical properties of bio, non-bio and hybrid nanofluids

“…Thus, density gives huge implication towards the evolution of thermal performance and pressure drop [62]. Askari et al (2016) used Pycnometer to determine the density of ultra-stable kerosene-based Fe3O4/Graphene nanofluids [64]. Said et al (2017) reported that the density of nanofluid was measured using Density Metre DA-130N [65].…”

“…This is because the addition of nanoparticles to base fluid increase the mass of the nanofluid without changing its volume. As the result, the density increase as the mass per volume increase [64]. Besides, the reasons that density increase is because of the interface effects on the bulk fluid properties caused by the solid nanoparticle surface as well as the interactions among the nanoparticles themselves.…”