Rheological behavior and morphology of acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber/poly(ethylene- co -vinyl acetate) blends filled by various organoclay contents

Razavi‐Nouri, Mohammad; Karami, Mahmoud; Naderi, Ghasem

doi:10.1016/j.clay.2017.05.021

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…To shed some insight into the nanoscopic dispersion state of CNTs in LLDPE/RR TPE matrix, the samples containing 1 and 3 wt % CNTs were further characterized by TEM, and the results are given in Figure . Light regions depict the phase with lower density (LLDPE, 0.92 g cm −3 ) and darker areas are representatives of the denser phase (RR, 1.18 g cm −3 ); the black tubes are related to CNTs with a density of 1.40 g cm −3 dispersed within the matrix . Figure (a) demonstrates that CNTs are selectively distributed in LLDPE phase or at the interface between the two phases.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Light regions depict the phase with lower density (LLDPE, 0.92 g cm −3 ) and darker areas are representatives of the denser phase (RR, 1.18 g cm −3 ); the black tubes are related to CNTs with a density of 1.40 g cm −3 dispersed within the matrix. 43 Figure 5(a) demonstrates that CNTs are selectively distributed in LLDPE phase or at the interface between the two phases. This indicates that, with the aid of PE-g-MA, CNTs have been successfully introduced and stabilized at the interface of the LLDPE/RR blend, as also reported by Zhang et al 37 The most interesting observation is that a large CNT agglomerates are seen for the composites containing 3 wt % of CNTs [ Figure 5 encouraged the distribution of CNTs in the LLDPE phase and the interface between two phases but also facilitated the formation of 3D decoration onto CNTs needed to form the conductive pathway.…”

Section: Morphological Analysis Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermoplastic vulcanizate nanocomposites based on polyethylene/reclaimed rubber: A correlation between carbon nanotube dispersion state and electrical percolation threshold

Vahidifar

Esmizadeh

Elahi

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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A three‐step melt blending process was utilized to produce linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE)/reclaimed rubber (RR)/carbon nanotube (CNT) nanocomposites in the presence of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene as a compatibilizer. The effect of LLDPE/RR ratio and CNT content on the morphological, thermal, mechanical, and rheological behavior of these dynamically vulcanized LLDPE/RR nanocomposites were investigated. The morphological study showed that the RR was dispersed in the LLDPE matrix, and CNT addition led to an improved morphology as smaller RR sizes inside LLDPE were observed. The mechanical results revealed that increasing the RR content decreased the hardness, modulus of elasticity, and elongation at break while CNT improved the tensile properties and other mechanical properties. The differential scanning calorimeter analysis showed that the CNT improved the LLDPE crystallization by acting as nucleation agents. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed higher storage modulus and lower loss factor as compared to the neat blend due to mobility restrictions of the polymer chains induced by the presence of CNT. For the conditions studied, the electrical percolation threshold was found to occur at a very low CNT concentration (about 1 wt %) compared to the literature because of the specific structure produced leading to CNT residing in the LLDPE matrix and at the interface between both polymeric phases. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47795.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Morphological Analysis Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermoplastic vulcanizate nanocomposites based on polyethylene/reclaimed rubber: A correlation between carbon nanotube dispersion state and electrical percolation threshold

Vahidifar

Esmizadeh

Elahi

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Addition of organoclay into EVA/NBR matrix doesn’t show (Figure 23(b)) two separate domains which suggests a better mixing in the presence of organoclay. 116…”

Section: Morphology Characterization By Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Addition of organoclay into EVA/NBR matrix doesn't show (Figure 23(b)) two separate domains which suggests a better mixing in the presence of organoclay. 116 Tapping mode AFM phase image of SBR/NBR blends filled with nanoclay was analysed by Monfared. Because of the large viscoelastic difference between SBR and NBR, morphology of these blends can be identified by using tapping mode AFM.…”

Section: Optical Microscopy (Om) Of Rubber Blendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rubber–rubber blends: A critical review

Kaliyathan

Varghese²,

Nair³

et al. 2019

Progress in Rubber, Plastics and Recycling Technology

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The blending of different rubbers is one of the effective methods to achieve required performance properties in their final products. This article reviews the thermodynamic considerations of rubber–rubber blends and their filled systems. Factors affecting the rubber blend morphology (i.e. distribution mechanism of fillers, curatives and other compounding ingredients) and preparation techniques for rubber–rubber blends emphasizing their advantages and disadvantages are well discussed in this review. Microscopy is the field of interest to all material scientists. In the case of rubber blends, microscopy is an essential tool in order to understand the morphology, that is, size, shape and distribution of phases and filler particles in the rubber–rubber blend. In this review, selected scientific reports based on optical microscopy, electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy in rubber–rubber blends are discussed. Rubber material is a complex macromolecule; it has significant proportion of fillers, processing aids and curing agents; therefore, only a very few studies have been reported on the microscopic aspects of filled rubber–rubber blends. In particular, influence of rubber blend composition, fillers (micro and nano length scales) and processing additives on the morphology of rubber blends systems has not been systematically reviewed and discussed in the scientific literature. Therefore, in the present scenario, this review was thought of, which deals with the essential background to rubber–rubber blends, miscibility and morphological characterization of various rubber blend systems by microscopy. It is very important to add that although there is scattered information on these aspects in the scientific literature, to date a comprehensive review has not been published. The pros, cons, artefacts and the new challenges on the use of microscopy for the characterization of rubber–rubber blends are also discussed here.

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Investigation of rheological, mechanical, and thermal properties of nanocomposites based on nitrile rubber‐phenolic resin reinforced with nanographene

Bazli

Barghamadi

Shafiee

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this study, nanocomposites of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR)/phenolic resin/graphene nanoparticles (GNPs) were prepared using a two‐roll mill. According to the results, the addition of GNPs increased the scorch time, vulcanization time, and viscosity of the blends. By adding phenolic resin and in the presence of a higher percentage of acrylonitrile, the modulus and tensile strength increased and the elongation at break decreased. The mechanical properties of the nanocomposites improved with increasing the amount of nanoparticles. The addition of 1.5 phr GNP to the blends containing NBR with 33% and 45% acrylonitrile increased the tensile modulus by 56% and 49%, respectively. The tensile properties of the nanocomposites were also investigated at 50, 25, and 75°C. It was observed that with increasing the amount of nanoparticles, the deterioration of the mechanical properties at elevated temperatures was reduced. Also, thermal stability increased with increasing the amount of nanoparticles in all the samples.

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Rheological behavior and morphology of acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber/poly(ethylene- co -vinyl acetate) blends filled by various organoclay contents

Cited by 21 publications

References 67 publications

Thermoplastic vulcanizate nanocomposites based on polyethylene/reclaimed rubber: A correlation between carbon nanotube dispersion state and electrical percolation threshold

Thermoplastic vulcanizate nanocomposites based on polyethylene/reclaimed rubber: A correlation between carbon nanotube dispersion state and electrical percolation threshold

Rubber–rubber blends: A critical review

Investigation of rheological, mechanical, and thermal properties of nanocomposites based on nitrile rubber‐phenolic resin reinforced with nanographene

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